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Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Wielding branding irons, two men sear the breasts of two topless women. The women stand bound to a stake, and a nearby fire heats additional irons. (Cartouche: "The searyng of wo=mens brestes.95." ["The searing of women's breasts. 95."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (714 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Two soldiers each drag a man along the ground on his back. The men are bound with rope. The soldier in the foreground raises his rope above his head with his right hand and pulls the Christian by the wrists, while the Christian looks upward. A second soldier drags a second man by the ankles, while that man prays. Both martyrs are dressed in loincloth. Located just to the right of the soldiers, the initials "MD" provide a clue to the designer of "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" and other Foxe woodcut illustrations. The same initials appear on "Martyrs burn outside Windsor Castle" in this collection. (Cartouche: "Christians dragged through the streetes.37.78." ["Christians dragged through the streets. 37. 78."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (595 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and A bound man dressed in loincloth lies on his back, and a guard crouches over him and drills out his left eye. A second man, also dressed in loincloth, lies bound on his back, while a second guard sears that man's left thigh with a branding iron. A fire heats other irons in the rear. (Cartouche "The Christians right eyes bored out, and searyng of their left hammes.82." ["The Christians' right eyes bored out, and searing of their left hams. 82."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (610 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and Four martyrs sit back to back in a vat of hot oil, two of them gazing upward in prayer. A soldier pours a ladle of heated oil over the martyrs, and a second soldier pumps a bellows beneath the vat. A turbaned emperor speaks to a richly dressed man at his left, while a group of soldiers and others observes (one of whom gazes upward). (Cartouche: "Christians put in a vessellofboylyngoyle. 36." ["Christians put in a vessel of boiling oil. 36."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (1.32 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Four horses are fastened to four separate harnesses, each of which is connected to the limb of a martyr. The man is dressed in loincloth. Two soldiers whip the horses, which pull the man apart. (Cartouche: "The Christians drawne in peeces with wild horses. 79." ["The Christians drawn in pieces with [i.e., by] wild horses. 79."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (648 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A martyr stands bound to a stake and dressed in loincloth. A soldier, whose sleeves are rolled up, flays the martyr with a knife, which he wields in his right hand. As the soldier pulls away the man's skin, blood pours from the wound. The martyr gazes upward. (Cartouche: "Here their skins are pluckt of alyue.92.90." ["Here their skins are plucked off alive. 92. 90."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (355 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: This three-page woodcut insert illustrates thirty-five distinct scenes of torture and suffering. Foxe titles the composite image, "A Table of the X. first Persecutions of the Primitiue Church vnder the Heathen Tyrannes of Rome" ["A table of the ten first persecutions of the primitive church under the heathen tyrants of Rome"]. Workers at John Day's printing house employed just three woodblocks to create the image, which contains three segments pasted together. Speeches attributed to martyrs in individual scenes are keyed to locations in Foxe's text. The longer passage that runs across the bottom of the image explains Foxe's apocalyptic perspective on Christian history. The composite image illustrates martyrdoms spanned by the reigns of emperors Tiberius and Constantine I. The greatly expanded second edition (1570) of the Book of Martyrs, in which this insert first appears, begins its account with these martyrs, in a deliberate act of historical appropriation whereby Foxe reconstructs the deaths of early Christians as proto-Protestant martyrdoms. This woodcut also appears in the fourth edition (1583), but it does not appear in the first (1563) or third (1576) editions. Because it could easily be removed and posted on walls or posts, the illustration is frequently missing in surviving copies of the work. Of all Foxe illustrations, it is perhaps the scarcest to survive to the present day. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A. JPEG file (17.9 MB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Two soldiers prepare to throw a bound man into a den of leopards. The leopards feed on a second man, who is also bound, and prowl in hunger. The image's cartouche identifies one of these martyrs as St. Ignatius of Antioch, who perished at Rome. (Cartouche: "Ignatius & others thrown to the Libardes.79." ["Ignatius and others thrown to the leopards. 79."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (536 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and Two men wielding daggers assault a woman, who falls to her death onto a heap of men and women who have also been assaulted. The woman stretches her hands outward in helplessness, and her clothes are torn. Two of those already dead appear dressed in loincloth, and the third is clothed. (Cartouche: "TheChristians stabbed in with forkes.34.92." ["The Christians stabbed in with forks. 34. 92."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (255 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A soldier cuts out the tongue of a clothed man, who stands bound to a stake. The soldier uses a sharp instrument, which he holds in his left hand, to grasp the tongue and employs pincers, which he holds in his right hand, to sever it. His sleeves are rolled up. (Cartouche: "Here their toungsare cut out.79.34.90." ["Here their tongues are cut out. 79. 34. 90."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (290 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection).
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