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Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Albright, Catmer, Lomas, Snoth, and Sole (all clothed) burn at two stakes. Lomas and two of the women fold their hands before them in prayer. One of the women raises her hand above her head. The martyrdom occurs at Canterbury. Even though the design of this woodcut is similar to other woodcuts that undergo repetition in the Book of Martyrs, this woodcut appears only once in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/86. JPEG file (3.83 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: In this overhead view of Smithfield, Askew and two companions stand chained to stakes and await martyrdom. Workers prepare faggots, and a very large crowd observes, some from windows and surrounding roofs. Nicholas Shaxton, the one-time Bishop of Salisbury who resigned his bishopric following the passage of the Act of Six Articles (1539), preaches from a portable pulpit. Shaxton recanted his Protestant belief prior to this scene in order to avoid the fate of Askew and her companions. Religious authorities had illegally tortured Askew, prior to this execution, in an attempt to extract information from her concerning the identity of Protestant sympathizers at the royal court. In the center of the image, observers view the execution from a platform, which has been raised outside the church of St. Bartholomew the Great. Thunder descends from a cloud above, and soldiers on horseback manage spectators on the fringe of the crowd. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583) but first appears in Robert Crowley, The confutation of xiii. articles, wherunto N. Shaxton, late byshop subscribed (1548). Luborsky and Ingram 6083/1, 11222/21, 11223/54. JPEG file (1.23 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Bishop Edmund Bonner (xylographically identified as "Bo[n]no" ["Bonner"]) scourges a partially naked prisoner, who drips blood. An assistant covers his eyes and clasps the prisoner's head between his legs. Two priests observe, and a second and third attendant enter, one of whom carries a flail. The incident occurs in the orchard of Fulham Palace, the London residence of the Bishop of London. When Bonner saw this image, he reportedly said, "A vengeance on the fool! How could he get my picture drawn so right!" This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/51, 11223/102. JPEG file (1.01 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man carries a burning taper in his left hand, while Bishop Edmund Bonner ("Bon[n]er") flogs him from behind. A crowd observes. This woodcut appears once in the second edition (1570) to illustrate the penance of John Florence. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. JPEG file (3.57 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man carries a burning taper in his left hand, while Bishop Edmund Bonner ("Bon[n]er") flogs him from behind. A crowd observes. This woodcut appears twice in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the penance of John Florence (sig. II6v [right], p. 636) and Tho. Pye and John Mendham (sig. KK2v, p. 640). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. JPEG file (3.57 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man carries a burning taper in his left hand, while Bishop Edmund Bonner ("Bon[n]er") flogs him from behind. A crowd observes. This woodcut appears twice in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate the penance of John Florence (sig. LL6r [right], p. 659) and Tho. Pye and John Mendham (sig. MM2r, p. 663). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. JPEG file (3.57 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A jailor guards Bradford, while three bishops question him in his cell. Xylographic labels identify Bradford and his guard ("Bradford" and "keper." ["keeper"]). Bradford carries a book, which symbolizes a Bible, in his right hand. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/32, 11223/70. JPEG file (1.01 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: As Collins burns at the stake in Smithfield, a guard holds Collins's dog by the tail and prepares to cast it in the fire. According to Foxe, Collins suffers martyrdom for having held his dog aloft, in mockery of the consecrated host, while he attended Mass. This crime also implicates the dog, who must accordingly suffer Collins's fate. A crowd of soldiers watches in the background, and the burning martyr gazes at the guard. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/51. JPEG file (3.54 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A crowd of mourners witnesses the burial of a Protestant martyr who has died in prison. Some observers carry longbows, and others raise their arms upward in song. Two individuals have removed their hats and hold them in their hands. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/39, 11223/82. JPEG file (1 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Simson lies in anguish on the rack ("Cutbert Simson upon the racke." ["Cuthbert Simpson upon the rack"]). Under the direction of a priest and two richly dressed figures, two workers operate the device. Stairs ascend upward at the left of the image. In an upper right insert, Simson stands handcuffed and bound in an iron collar that descends to the ground ("The description howe Cutbert Symson stoode in an engyne of yron three houres within the Tower, commonlye called Sceuyng tons gyues" ["The description how Cuthbert Simson stood in an engine of iron three hours within the Tower, commonly called Scevingtons gives"]). In an upper left insert, Simson receives an arrow passed through his fingers ("The gratynge of an arrowe throughe Cutbert Symsons fyngers" ["The grating of an arrow through Cuthbert Simson's fingers"]). These incidents transpire at the Tower of London, which served as a prison during the Tudor period. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/50, 11223/101. JPEG file (990 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Against a panoramic backdrop of Windsor Castle ("The Descripsion of Windsor [Castle]" ["The Description of Windsor Castle"]), three figures burn at the stake. Workers light the pyre, and richly dressed spectators and soldiers observe, some on horseback and others on foot. At the top of the image, Royal Arms flank a cartouche ("The condemning of Anthony Person, Marbecke, Testwood, and Filmer, with the burning of the sayd Person, Testwood, and Filmer, vnder the Castle of Windsore, here liuely described. Read pag. 1219. Marbecke saued by the Kynges Pardon" ["The condemning of Anthony Person, Marbeck, Testwood, and Filmer, with the burning of the said Person, Testwood, and Filmer, under the Castle of Windsor, here lively described. Read page 1219. Marbeck saved by the King's Pardon"]). A boy watches from a tree at the left, above the initials "MD," which also appear on "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" in this collection and may identify the designer of certain Foxe woodcuts. At the lower left of the image, seven judges preside over the trial of the four martyrs, and attendants and a clerk observe ("Anth. Person, Marbecke, Testwood, and Filmer, condemned by D. Capon Bishop of Sarum: Fachell geuing iudgement. Pag. 1219." ["Anthony Person, Marbeck, Testwood, and Filmer condemned by Doctor Capon Bishop of Sarum: Fachell giving judgment. Page 1219"]). At the bottom center, soldiers lead two martyrs, who are charged with perjury, backward on horseback through a town square. Onlookers gather at a distance ("D. London, and Simons, riding about the market place, with papers on their heades, for periurie, and secrete practising against certaine of the priuy Chamber." ["Doctor London, and Simons, riding about the market place, with papers on their heads, for perjury and secret practicing against certain [members] of the privy Chamber"]). At the lower right, a martyr ("R. Ockam") stands in a pillory, flanked by soldiers and civilians. ("Robert Ockam standing on the Pillory in the Towne of Newbery, where he was borne, for the like offence. Pag. 1224" ["Robert Ockam standing on the pillory in the town of Newbery, where he was born, for the like offence. Page 1224"]). To the right of this appears another set of initials, "RB," which could suggest a second designer of both this and other woodcut images. This woodcut appears in the third (1576) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11224/4. JPEG file (5.2 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Taylor ("Mercifull father for Jesus sake, receiue my soule." ["Merciful father for Jesus sake, receive my soul"]) stands among faggots and extends his arms outward. Observing spectators and soldiers anticipate Taylor's execution. Two supervisors direct the preparations from horseback. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/26, 11223/62. JPEG file (1.13 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: While Doctor Henry Cole ("D. Cole.") preaches from a pulpit, a friar and two others pull Cranmer ("Cranmer.") down from a platform. A congregation and a group of clerics observe Cranmer's arrest. The event occurs at the University Church of St. Mary, in Oxford. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/43, 11223/87. JPEG file (990 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Bishop Bonner (identified xylographically as "Bonner.") sits with three other priests and burns Tomkins's hand. A fourth man observes, and a fifth glances away. In the OSU copy of the 1563 version of the illustration (pictured here), someone has torn out Bonner's face in an apparent act of defacement. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Tomkins suffers martyrdom in "Martyr burns at the stake (5)" in this collection. Luborsky and Ingram 11222/28, 11223/63. JPEG file (1 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Two soldiers observe as Tyrrell burns Allin's right hand by means of a lit candle. Allin had been carrying water to her mother, who lies sick in bed. Within the house, a man (presumably Allin's father) kneels before her mother and folds his hands in prayer. In an upper insert, Allin and her parents suffer martyrdom. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/52, 11223/99. JPEG file (997 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Ohio State University Libraries and Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library Description: This woodcut image depicts selected reforms of the English church that transpired during the reign of King Edward VI. Priests and tonsured friars carry censing bells, mass books, crucifixes, and other allegedly dangerous objects of Roman Catholic devotion from a church ("The Temple well purged") and load them onto a waiting ship ("The ship of the Romish Church" ["The ship of the Roman Church"]; "Shippe ouer your trinkets and be packing ye Papistes" ["Ship over your trinkets and be packing you papists"]; "The Papistes packing away their paultrye" ["The papists packing away their paltry"]). Iconoclasts burn images ("Burning of Images") and pull statues from the church wall in the background. In the lower left, King Edward carries a sword that symbolizes his authority as Supreme Head of the Church of England, a title first assumed by Henry VIII. Edward delivers a Bible ("Biblia" [Bible]) to his attendants, an action which alludes to the royal support of vernacular Bible reading that appears in "King Edward VI receives a book" and "King Henry VIII sits enthroned over Pope Clement VII" in this collection. The initials "E[dwardus] 6. R[ex]" ["King Edward VI"] appear on Edward's throne. In the lower right, a preacher delivers a sermon to a congregation of men and women, who read from open Bibles. Nearby rest a communion table ("The Co[m]munion Table") and a baptismal font, which is in use. These objects symbolize the Edwardian church's rejection of the other five Roman Catholic sacraments. This portion of the image echoes a similar portrayal on the title page woodcut of the Book of Martyrs. "English Reformation under King Edward VI" introduces Foxe's discussion of Edward's reign in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/57. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Some of these burning martyrs extend their hands before them, and others fold or cross their hands in front of them. The martyrs are clothed. This woodcut appears twice in the second edition (1570) to illustrate the burning of George Catmer, Robert Streater, Anthony Burward, George Brodbridge, and James Tuttye (at Canterbury) (sig. MMMM3v, p. 1884) and Tho. Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thyrtell, Margarete Hyde, and Agnes Stanley (at Smithfield) (sig. NNNNn4r, p. 2161). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/78. JPEG file (3.76 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Some of these burning martyrs extend their hands before them, and others fold or cross their hands in front of them. The martyrs are clothed. This woodcut appears twice in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the burning of George Catmer, Robert Streater, Anthony Burward, George Brodbridge, and James Tuttie (at Canterbury) (sig. HHHH5v, p. 1614) and Thomas Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thirtell, Margaret Hyde, and Agnes Stanley (at Smithfield) (sig. GGGGg6r, p. 1867). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/78. JPEG file (3.76 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Some of these burning martyrs extend their hands before them, and others fold or cross their hands in front of them. The martyrs are clothed. This woodcut appears three times in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate the burning of [George] Catmer, [Robert] Streater, [Anthony] Burward, [George] Brodbridge, and [James] Tuttie (at Canterbury) (sig. NNNN4r, p. 1708); Thomas Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thitell, Margaret Hyde, and Agnes Stankey (at Smithfield) (sig. NNNNn6r, p. 1976); and John Corneford, Christopher Browne, John Herst, Alice Snoth, and Katherine Knight (otherwise called Katherine Tynley) (sig. UUUUu2v [right], p. 2053). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/78. JPEG file (3.76 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A clothed woman and three clothed men burn at two stakes. The woman folds her hands before her in prayer. One of the men, at the right, faces forward and displays his palm. A second man stands in profile on the left and raises both arms above his head, while a third man, at the rear, raises his left arm. This woodcut appears twice in the second edition (1570) to illustrate the burning of Rafe Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth (at Islington) (sig. SSSSs1r, p. 2215) and John Corneford, Christopher Browne, John Herst, Alyce Snoth, Katherine Knight, and Katherine Tynley (at Canterbury) (sig. XXXXx2r [right], p. 2253). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A clothed woman and three clothed men burn at two stakes. The woman folds her hands before her in prayer. One of the men, at the right, faces forward and displays his palm. A second man stands in profile on the left and raises both arms above his head, while a third man, at the rear, raises his left arm. This woodcut appears twice in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the burning of Rafe Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth (at Islington) (sig. LLLLl4v, p. 1912) and John Corneford, Christopher Browne, John Herst, Alyce Snoth, and Katherine Knight (otherwise called Katherine Tynley) (at Canterbury) (sig. OOOOo3v [right], p. 1946). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A clothed woman and three clothed men burn at two stakes. The woman folds her hands before her in prayer. One of the men, at the right, faces forward and displays his palm. A second man stands in profile on the left and raises both arms above his head, while a third man, at the rear, raises his left arm. This woodcut appears twice in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate the burning of Rafe Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth (at Islington) (sig. RRRRr3v, p. 2019) and John Cooke, Rob. Myles alias Plummer, Alexander Lane, and James Ashley (at St. Edmundsbury) (sig. TTTTt5v [right], p. 2047). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A jailor lurks in the shadows of this prison scene, behind an open door. Four martyrs sit in stocks. The prisoners are "T. Leyes" [T[homas] Leyes]; "Androws" ["Andrews"]; "Ri. Smith." ["Ri[chard] Smith"]; and "Tho. King." ["Tho[mas] King"]. The identities of these martyrs caused Foxe a considerable amount of confusion. In the Rerum (1559), a note indicates that "Richard Smith" and George "Bing" died in Lollards' Tower in September 1555 (p. 525). (A digital image of the title page of this book, one of two Latin precursors to the Book of Martyrs, is available in this collection.) "Bing" becomes "King" in the 1563 edition, but Leyes, also named in 1563, perished in Newgate prison rather than in Lollards' Tower. Foxe amends these names in the 1570 edition to George King, Thomas Leyes, and John Wade, who all died in Lollards' Tower. It is likely that Foxe derived his information from oral sources, although it remains unclear whether the prisoners were held at Lollards' Tower at Lambeth or at the prison of the same name in St. Paul's Cathedral. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/36, 11223/77. JPEG file (1.03 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Friars forcibly remove Bilney from his pulpit outside Saint George's Church in Ipswich ("Friers pulling Bilney out of the pulpit." ["Friars pulling Bilney out of the pulpit"]; "Saint Georges churche in Ipswich." ["Saint George's church in Ipswich"]). The congregation of men, women, and children sits and stands nearby. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/14, 11223/43. JPEG file (1 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Engulfed in flames, Marsh burns at the stake beneath a barrel of dripping, heated tar. A soldier, partially obscured from view, stands at the right of the image. Marsh is barefoot and fully clothed. The martyrdom occurs at Chester. This woodcut appears the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/66. JPEG file (3.9 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: This full-page woodcut insert depicts the execution of Hugh Latimer, the former Bishop of Worcester, and Nicholas Ridley, the Edwardian Bishop of London. Richard Smith ("Smith.") preaches at a portable pulpit from I Corinthians 13:3 ("Si corp[us] meu[m] tradam igni caritate[m] aute[m] non habea[m] nihil vtilitatis &c." ["If I should surrender my body to the fire and have not charity, however, nothing of usefulness, etc"]). "Ridley" ("In man[us] tuas domine" [In your hand, O Lord]) and "Latimer" ("Father of heue[n] receue my soule" ["Father of heaven, receive my soul"]) stand back to back, chained against a stake, while workers prepare to light the pyre that will consume them. Latimer gestures toward a large crowd of civilians, who are restrained by soldiers, and Ridley motions toward the priest who stands before him and the richly dressed individuals who are seated beyond. One of these ("L. Willia[m]s." ["L[ord] Williams"]) reads from a scroll ("M. Ridley I wil remember your suite." ["M[aster] Ridley, I will remember your suit"]), while others, including Thomas Cranmer, the recently deprived Archbishop of Canterbury ("Cranmar.") ("O Lord strengthen them"), watch from above. The execution occurs outside Oxford. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/38, 11223/81. JPEG file (2.57 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Latimer ("M. Latimer." ["Master Latimer"]) preaches from a large open-air pulpit, which has been erected in the Privy Garden at Whitehall Palace. Among his audience is King Edward VI ("K. Edward." ["King Edward"]), who listens, with three others, from indoors at a window at the left of the image. The woman who reads an open Bible at Latimer's feet may allude to Catherine Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk, who funded the activities of Latimer and other English Protestant evangelicals during Edward's reign. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583), but John Day first uses it in his edition of Latimer's 27 sermons (London: John Day, 1562). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/37, 11223/80, 15276/1. JPEG file (1.01 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: As Laverocke and Apprice burn, the blind Apprice holds his hands out before him, and the lame Laverocke grasps a crutch in each hand. Both martyrs are clothed. The martyrdom occurs at Stratford the Bowe near London. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/90. JPEG file (3.82 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Edmund Tyrell burns Rose Allin’s hand as she carries a pitcher of water for her mother. Tyrell is very finely dressed and is observed by three soldiers who stand by. Allin’s mother, who is lying in bed ill, is pictured at the far right of the image. A man kneels outside the mother’s door and has his hands clasped in prayer. At the top of the image there appears to be an image of three people burning at the stake, and according to the text, this is a representation of the burning of Rose Allin and her parents. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/52 and 11223/99, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). In the earlier woodcut editions, however, only two soldiers observe. JPEG file (489 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Four men and three women--John Fishcocke, Nicolas Whyte, Nicolas Pardue, Barbara Fynal widow, Wilson’s wife, and Alice Benden--are chained to three stakes and are engulfed by large flames. All seven martyrs are fully clothed. The three men are all chained to the stake at the far left of the image. The four women are chained to two separate stakes and one of them has her arms extended above her head. A crowd of soldiers, gathers below the burning martyrs, some of whom are on horseback, two soldiers tend the fire and faggots. The martyrdom takes place at Canterbury. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/96, which appears twice in the second (1570) early English edition. JPEG file (1.21 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thirteen martyrs burn at Stratford the Bowe, near London. As the caption indicates, only eleven of the martyrs are actually chained to the stake while two of the women enter the fire untied. The martyrs are tied to three separate stakes and are either clasping their hands in prayer or are extending their arms outward toward the crowd below them. A large crowd of both civilians and soldiers surrounds the martyrdom. The crowd appears to be rowdy and sympathetic to the martyrs as a soldier on horseback attempts to control the crowd and keep them at bay. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram11222/45 and 11223/92, which appearin all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (521 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The order and manner of the burning of the constant Martyr of Christ, John Lambert.” John Lambert, naked and chained to a stake, stands with both arms outstretched upward and says "None but Christ, none but Christ." Men from either side of Lambert poke the fire while a richly dressed man sits and watches on horseback and a crowd of clergy and soldiers stand nearby. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/19 and 11223/50, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (460 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Three separate scenes portray selected events of the Reformation under Edward VI and the elimination of Roman Catholic traditions; in the first one, "The temple purged," men are carrying various Roman Catholic icons out of the temple to a burning pile, labeled "Burning of Images." The scene in the lower left-hand corner of the image depicts Edward VI (Ed 6) on his throne presenting a Bible to various prelates that surround him. In the final scene, appearing in the bottom right-hand corner of the image, a preacher is delivering a sermon to a congregation and stands next to a Communion table, labeled "The Communion Table." Heavily revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/57, which first appears in the second (1570) early English edition and continues into the third (1576) and fourth (1583) editions. JPEG file (321 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The manner of burning Anne Askew, Iohn [John] Lacels, Iohn [John] Adams, & Nicolas Beleman, with certane [certain] of y [the] counsel [council] sitting in Smithfield.” This aerial view of Smithfield shows the martyrs tied to the stake. All four have their hands clasped in prayer while soldiers are carrying bundles of wood and placing them around the feet of the four martyrs. A large crowd encircles the arena surrounding the martyrs and soldiers on foot and horseback stand outside of the large circle. Several buildings are in the background with onlookers peering through the windows. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/21 and 11223/54, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (421 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Laurence Saunders, fully clothed with hands clasped as in prayer, is tied to the stake at Coventry. Saunders is facing the left of the image. The executioner nails the chain to the stake while Saunders proclaims: “Welcome life." He is surrounded by a rowdy crowd of soldiers and civilians, a few of whom appear to be arguing with each other at the right hand side of the image. A richly dressed man in a fur-lined coat sits atop a horse and appears to be supervising the burning. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/24 and 11223/60, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583); in the woodcut illustrations, Saunders is facing the right of the image and, in the OSU Libraries’ copy, the banderole from his mouth says: “"o lord resi[e]ve my soule [O lord receive my soul]." JPEG file (35.1 KB) -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The patient Martyrdome of a poore woman at Exeter, being one Prests wife." A woman, identified as Prest’s wife (“God be Mercifull [Merciful] to me a Sinner”) stands fully clothed and chained to the stake. She has her arms raised as if she is gesturing while speaking to the crowd that surrounds her. A crowd of soldiers observes. Heavily revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/103, which appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (534 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Alexander [Sander] Gouch and Driver’s wife [Alice Driver] stand naked and chained back-to-back while they burn at the stake. Driver’s wife faces the left of the image and has her arms extended to the crowd before her. Alexander Gouch faces the right of the image and has his left hand raised and his pointer finger extended and his right arm extended toward the soldier before him. A crowd of soldiers observes. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/49 and 11223/98, which appear in the first (1563), second (1570), and fourth (1576) early English editions. JPEG file (529 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: The martyrdom of three women and an infant at the Isle of Garnsey. The caption of the image indicates that this martyrdom took place on July 18th, 1556. All three women are naked and chained to the stake while an infant emerges from the womb of the woman in the middle. All three women have their arms outstretched and are engulfed by the flames beneath them. They are surrounded by a group of soldiers, several of whom tend to the fire. According the text that surrounds the image, the infant initially was thrown out of the fire only to be cast back in once it hit the ground. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/46 and 11223/93, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (503 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thomas Wats, fully clothed and with his hands clasped in prayer, stands chained at the waist to a stake. He is engulfed by flames and a black cloud hovers above him. A woman and several children, tears streaming down their faces, plead for his life. Wats is surrounded by a large crowd of soldiers; a civilian man is arguing with a soldier. In earlier editions, this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/14, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. This illustration is a completely new design with some elements similar to Luborsky and Ingram 11223/64. JPEG file (439 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Bradford ["Repent England]" and an apprentice, John Lease ("Jesus receive us)," stand chained to a stake in the midst of a large fire while a black cloud of smoke hovers above them. A crowd of soldiers, a few of whom tend the fire, surround them. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/34 and 11223/72, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (431 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Robert Barnes, Thomas Garret, and William Jerome in Smithfield, a district of London which was the scene of over 200 martyrdoms during the reign of Mary I, are chained together to the stake; high flames and large dark clouds of smoke surround them. A few soldiers surround the men and two of them stoke the fire. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/20 and 11223/52, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). However, in the earlier editions, a large and alarmed crowd is present whereas in the 1684 edition, only a few soldiers stand by. JPEG file (443 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The description of the horrible Burning of Iohn [John] Badby, and how he was used at his death." Badby pleads, "Mercy Lord Iesus [Jesus] Christ mercy" (in earlier editions he says, "Lord Iesus [Jesus] Christ helpe [help] me"), as he is boiled in a barrel while workers stoke the fire beneath him. According to Foxe’s text surrounding this image, a procession of the Sacrament of God’s Body, preceded by men with torches and led by the Prior of St. Bartholomew in Smithfield, passes by the scene, while others, including a prince (the king’s eldest son) and a bishop, look on. Several buildings are present in the background which do not appear in earlier editions. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/6 and 11223/6, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (455 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The description of ye [the] poysoning [poisoning] of King Iohn [John] by a Monke of Swinsted Abby [Swinstead Abbey] in Lincolne Shiere [Lincolnshire]." Six scenes tell the story: upper left -- "The Monke absolved to poyson [poison] King John. Ego absolvo te & c [I absolve you];" upper right -- "The Monke tempereth [tempers] his poyson [poison] into a Cup to give ye [the] King;" middle left--“The Monke presenteth King John with his cup of poyson [poison] begining [beginning] himselfse [himself] to ye [the] King" as he says, “Wassail my liege;" middle right-- "King John lieth here dead of poyson [poison];" lower left-- "The Monke lieth here dead of ye [the] poyson [poison] that he dranke to ye [the] King;" lower right--"A perpetuall Masse [mass] sung daily in Swinsted [Swinstead] for ye [the] Monke that Poysoned [poisoned] King John." The single-page insert is tipped in vertically with the scenes moving left to right, which differs from the double-page presentation and sequencing of scenes of the woodcut in the early editions. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/3 and 11223/3. JPEG file (1.46 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “A description of [the] Lollards Tower, where Mr. Richard Hunne was murthered [murdered].” Richard Hunne (Hun), a merchant-tailor who resided in London, hangs in the corner of the prison cell in Lollards Tower in St. Paul's Cathedral while the three men allegedly responsible for Hunne's death exit. One of the men, who holds the keys to the prison cell, blows out the candle in the cell before he exits. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/12 and 11223/36, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (273 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The order and manner of taking up ye [the] body of John Wycliffe, and burning his bones 41. years after his death." Wycliffe's bones are removed from his coffin by an “officiall [official]"; a “somner [summoner]" and “arch de [archdeacon]" cast the bones into the burning fire; and a “commissari [commissary]" disposes of the ashes into the river while a crowd of people observe. The burning of Wycliffe's bones takes place near Lutterworth and is a revised version of the woodcuts that appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/4, 11223/4. JPEG file (433 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Five martyrs burn at Smithfield: Tho. Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thyrtell, Margarete Hyde, and Agnes Stanley. They are chained to two separate stakes; all are fully clothed and have their hands clasped in prayer. They are engulfed by large flames and thick black clouds of smoke hover above them. A group of soldiers surrounds them; the soldier to the left of the image has his right hand extended and appears to be pointing to one of the martyrs. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/78, which only appeared in the second early English edition (1570). It is also the same design used to illustrate "The martyrdom of George Catmer, Robert Streater, Anthony Burward, George Brodbridge, and James Tutty." JPEG file (479 KB), -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The Martyrdome of Thomas Benbridge, Anno 1558 July 19." Thomas Benbridge, fully clothed with arms lifted upward, and chained, burning at the stake. He is bearded and has both hands lifted upward. He gazes down at the crowd of soldiers that surrounds him. One soldier at the bottom right of the image tends the fire. Another soldier who stands at the left of the image appears to be administering the martyrdom. The caption of the image indicates that this martyrdom took place on July 19th of 1558. In earlier editions, this martyrdom is represented by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/16 and appears only in the fourth (1583) early English edition. However, it is a completely new design here. JPEG file (509 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Apprice, who is blind, and the lame Hugh Laverocke are martyred at Stratford the Bowe, near London. Both Apprice and Laverocke are chained to the stake and are surrounded by faggots and flames. Laverocke holds two crutches in his hands while Apprice has his eyes closed and his hands outstretched toward the crowd surrounding them. Both men are fully clothed and are surrounded by a fairly large group of ambivalent soldiers. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/90 and appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (541 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Three women-- Katherine Hut, Elizabeth Thackvel, and Joan Horns, are burned at the stake. All three women are fully clothed and have their hands clasped in prayer. The execution takes place at Smithfield and the women are surrounded by a group of soldiers, several of whom are on horseback. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/91, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (535 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man, blood streaming down his back, walks past a crowd of onlookers while carrying a taper and being flogged by a man marked "Somner [Summoner]" who walks behind him. Although the engraving is marked as the penance of Thomas Pye and John Mendham, only one penitent is pictured in the illustration and it is therefore unclear who the image represents. This is very similar to the engraving titled "Displing of John Florence," yet is a different revision of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. This martyrdom is represented by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/17 in the second edition (1570) and by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15 in the third and fourth English editions (1576, 1583). JPEG file (455 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: William White, a priest and Lollard heretic, is clothed and, with his arms outstretched to the left, stands chained to a stake which is surrounded by bundles of faggots. Four kneeling men have their arms reaching toward him, perhaps in supplication or in praise. Soldiers stand nearby with weapons. This is very similar to the engraving used to depict the martyrdom of William Tailor [Taylor], yet it is a different revision of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/16. JPEG file (494 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: One woman and three men-- Rafe [Ralph] Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth--are chained and burning at two stakes. All four martyrs are fully clothed. Two of the martyrs have their hands clasped in prayer. A crowd of soldiers, some of whom are on horseback, observes. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100, which appears twice in the second (1570) early English edition. The 1570 woodcut does not include a crowd of soldiers. JPEG file (1.16 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The Martyrdom of Henry Pond [Ponde], Rainold [Raynold] Eastland, Ro[bert] Southam, Mat.[thew] Ricarby, Ioh. [John] Floyd, Io. [John] Holiday, and Ro[ger] Holland, in Smithfield An. 1558 Iu [June] 27." Seven men stand fully clothed and chained to three separate stakes. Five of them have their arms pulled into their chest while the other two have their arms extended either upward or toward the crowd that surrounds them. A crowd of soldiers observes. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/75, which appears multiple times in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. This version, however, differs from the version used to represent “The martyrdom of W. Waterer, Steph. Kemp, W. Haye, T. Hudson, W. Lowick, and W. Prowting,” and “The burning of M. Coker, W. Hopper, Hen. Laurence, Rich. Colliar, Rich. Wright, and Wil. Stere.” JPEG file (527 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Doctor Rowland Taylor, clothed in a robe and with hands raised and outstretched as in blessing, is burned at the stake at Hadley “for Testimony of the Gospell [Gospel]” on February 9, 1555. As flames engulf him and a dark cloud of smoke hovers above him, he says, “Mercifull [Merciful] father for Iesus [Jesus] sake receive my soule [soul].” A crowd of soldiers and civilians observes—some on foot and others on horseback. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/26 and 11223/62, which appear in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). JPEG file (357 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Foxe lists the names and death dates of Protestant and proto-Protestant martyrs for the months of November and December. JPEG file (1.17 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The burning of Master John Rogers, Vicar of St. Purchers, and Reader of St. Paul’s in London.” Rogers, fully clothed and with hands raised to the sky, stands chained to the stake amidst an extremely large fire and dark clouds of smoke. A banderole protruding from his mouth contains the statement: "Lord receive my Spirit." Rogers is surrounded by a crowd of soldiers and civilians both on foot and on horseback. Five people in the foreground of the image kneel before Rogers with their arms outstretched in sympathy. The officer on horseback on the right side of the illustration appears to be supervising Rogers’ burning. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/23 and 11223/59, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (379 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thomas Bilney rests his left hand on an open book, presumably the Bible, that is on the table in front of him and puts a finger of his right hand in the flame of a long candle, possibly to prepare himself for martyrdom the next day. He is surrounded by a group of soldiers and the scene appears to be taking place in a prison. Heavily revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/15 and 11223/44 in which Bilney is burning his finger alone in his cell and not in the presence of soldiers as in this 1684 engraving. The earlier woodcut appears in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (429 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The order and manner of burying in the fields such as died in prison, and namely Will Wiseman.” As indicated by the caption, Wiseman, dressed in only a loin cloth, is laid in the ground by a man who appears to be a member of the crowd of mourners. A small crowd of both male and female mourners surrounds the corpse and several of them are clasping their hands and raising their arms, as if in song or in prayer. Two of the mourners carry longbows. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/39 and 11223/82, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (514 KB) -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Dirick Carver stands fully clothed and tied to a stake by a chain around his waist. His arms are extended and he has an expression of despair on his face. He is surrounded by a crowd of soldiers; two soldiers in the foreground of the image tend the fire that engulfs Dirick and creates a large dark cloud of smoke above his head. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/19, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. This, however, is a completely new design, although it has similar features to "The martyrdom of Kerby." JPEG file (457 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "Heptarchia Anglia Saxonica: Or, A Description of England, as it was divided in the Saxons time into Seven Kingdoms," depicts each of the seven kingdoms, including (beginning with the northern part of England and moving clockwise): "The Kingdom of Northumberland," "The Kingdom of Mercia," "The East Angles Kingdom," "East Saxons Kingdom," "The Kingdom of Kent," "The South Saxons Kingdom," and "Kingdom of the West Saxons." The kingdom of Wales, the crest of each kingdom, and the "Pictes Wall" dividing England and Scotland are also depicted. This is a revised and reduced version of the map of the seven Saxon kingdoms of England found in the third (1576) and fourth (1583) early English editions. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11224/1. JPEG file (899 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The martyrdome of Cicely Ormes at Norwich. An. 1557 September 1557." Cicely [Cicelie] Ormes(“Welcome y [the] Cross of Christ”) stands chained and burning at the stake; large clouds of smoke hover above her head. Fully clothed and with both arms raised above her head, she looks out to the large crowd of soldiers that surrounds her. At the far left a soldier on horseback appears to be administering the martyrdom, while two soldiers at the bottom right of the image are tending the faggots and the fire. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/20, which appears twice in the second (1570) and once in the third (1576) and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (488 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thomas Haukes, bare-chested and with arms raised above his head (possibly grasping the stake or clasped together in prayer), burns at the stake at Coxehall in Essex. As he is engulfed in flames he cries "Lord receive my Spirit." He is surrounded by a rowdy crowd of soldiers on foot and on horseback. A black cloud hovers above Haukes. The caption of the image indicates that this martyrdom took place on June 10th, 1555. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/31 and 11223/69, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (412 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “Robert King, Robert Debnam, and Nicholas Marsh hanged for taking downe the Rood of Dovercourt.” These three men hang by the chest from separate gallows while a crowd of onlookers, mostly soldiers, stand behind them and three men, including a man of the church, stand is front of them. The destroyed rood and crucifix also burn in a fire in the lower left-hand corner of the image. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/16 and 11223/46, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (469 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The description of the cruell [cruel] Martyrdome [Martyrdom] of Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.” Oldcastle hangs chained from the gallows over an open fire in the Tower of London. He is partially naked and is surrounded by soldiers and civilians. One man holds a whip and others prod the fire. This engraving is a revised version of the woodcut that appears in all early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/10, 11223/13. JPEG file (418 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Philpot and Thomas Whytell sit in the Colehouse Prison in St. Paul's Cathedral. Philpot is seated at the right side of the image and is holding a book, presumably the Bible, in his left hand. Thomas Whytell sits in the stocks and is chained to the wall by the neck. A third figure stands between Philpot and Whytell. A richly dressed priest holds a ring of keys in his right hand and a staff in his left and stands at the left side of the image. In the foreground, the priest's dog chews a bone. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/40 and 11223/83, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (451 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Florence, in 1424, is barebacked and bleeding, barefooted while carrying a long-stemmed taper. He walks while being flogged by a man marked as "Somner [Summoner? Bonner?]." Other men observe. A similar image appears only once in the second edition (1570), where it is clear that Bishop Edmund Bonner is the man displing [disciplining] Florence. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. JPEG file (476 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thomas Iveson, a thin and balding man, stands fully clothed and chained to the stake. His arms are raised above his head. He is surrounded by a scattered group of soldiers, some of whom are on foot and others on horseback. This engraving illustrates a new martyrdom that is not illustrated in any of the early English editions. JPEG file (56.9 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: This tipped-in fold-out illustrates five separate scenes that took place at Windsor Castle. A cartouche spanning the top of the foldout states: "The description of Windsor Castle. The condemning of Anthony Person, Marbecke, Testwood, and Filmer; with y [the] burning of the said Person Testwood, and Filmer, under the Castle of Windsor, here lively described. Marbecke saved by the Kings [King's] Pardon." Images of the Royal Arms flank this title and above it is a directive to the printer to “Place this between Fol. 468 and 469 in the 2d Volume.” Below the heading is a panoramic view of the castle itself which includes a scene in the far left in which a boy sits in a tree and observes the burning of three men. A scene in the lower left-hand corner has the heading: "Anthony Person, Marbecke, Testwood and Filmer, condemned by Doctor Capon, Bishop of Sarnum: Facel giving judgment." The heading for the scene in the lower center states: "D. London and Simons riding about the Market place with papers on their heads, for perjury, and secret practising [practicing] against certaine [certain] of the privy Chamber." And in the lower right-hand scene: "Robert Ockam standing in the Pillory in the Towne of Newberry, where he was borne for the licke offence [like offense]." Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11224/4, which appears in the third (1576) and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (1.54 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Claidon [Claydon] and Richard Turming stand chained together on a stake. One man has one arm on the shoulder of the other and each man has a hand raised. A crowd of civilians and soldiers surrounds them. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/12. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/79, which appear multiple times in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. Part of the revision includes a scene with workers at the fire and attending soldiers, absent from earlier versions of this design. JPEG file (408 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Priest William Tailor [Taylor?] is tied and chained to the stake to be burned; bundles of faggots surround him but no flame or torch is portrayed in the scene. He seems to be fully clothed and has his arms outstretched above him as in prayer. Five men (or four men and one woman) kneel around him with their arms reaching out in supplication. Other men with axes stand around Tailor. This martyrdom is depicted in earlier editions of Actes and Monuments by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/14, which is also used in the second edition (1570) to depict other martyrdoms. However, in this edition, the martyrdom is a revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/16. JPEG file (424 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: William Sawtre, a priest, is fully-clothed and with arms outstretched and chained to a stake. Two men stoke the fire surrounding him. The crowd looking on includes a man on horseback, a man clothed in ecclesiastical garb, many soldiers, other men, and at least one woman. This image may be a redesign of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/5 and 11223/5, which portray an unnamed martyr alone chained to a post amidst flames, saying “Jesu haue mercy [Jesus have mercy]." JPEG file (469 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Margaret Thurston and Agnes Bongeor stand back-to-back, chained to a stake amidst burning faggots. Both women are fully clothed. The woman at the left has her hands clasped in prayer while the woman at the right has her hands outstretched to the crowd of soldiers and civilians that surrounds them. One soldier at the right of the image tends the fire. In the background of the image several hills and buildings, including churches, are in the distance. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/89, which appears twice in the second (1570) and twice in the third (1576) early English editions, but differs from the engraving used to illustrate “The burning of Agnes Potten and Joan Trunchfield.” JPEG file (1.10 MB). -
Creator: Sturt, John Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Frontispiece portrait of John Foxe, engraved by John Sturt, contains the following text: frame above the portrait, "Aetat. 70 [at age 70];" immediately below, "John Walden Citizen of London. Tabula merito Votiva in perpetuam rei memoriam [John Walden, Citizen of London (gave) a votive monument in perpetual memory of the matter];" in the crest below the frame, "ALTIORA PETO [I seek higher things];" and the epigram at the bottom of the page, "Cujus in hac humili confusus imagine pendes, Et maciem hanc spectas pallidaq; [/abbrev. for: /pallidaque] ora senis: Edidit hunc Bostona parens: Oxonia nutrix Erudijt: Scripsit Martyres occubuit [The old man you are gazing at perplexed in this humble portrait And whose gaunt and pallid face you observe, Him mother Boston brought forth, wet nurse Oxford Educated. He wrote "Martyrs". He is dead.]." JPEG file (325 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The Martyrdom of Six men burned at Brainford An. 1558 Iuly [July] 14." Robert Milles, Stephen Cotton, Robert Dynes, Stephen Wight, John Slade, and William Pikes stand fully clothed and chained to two stakes as they burn in the flames that surround them. Two men have their hands clasped in prayer while the other four either have their arms extended outward toward the crowd that surrounds them or raised above their head. A crowd of soldiers observes. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 5886/1 and 11223/75, which appear multiple times in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions and the same image used to represent “The martyrdom of W. Waterer, Steph. Kemp, W. Haye, T. Hudson, W. Lowick, and W. Prowting.” JPEG file (529 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The right Picture and true counterfeit of Boner [Bonner], and his cruelty, in scourging of Gods Saints, in his Orchard at Fulham" The prisoner is on all fours on the ground in front of Bonner and has his head between the legs of a man who has one hand over his face and his hat in the other. Two other men dressed in clerical robes stand to the left of the image. Two other men stand to the right of the image and observe the flogging. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/51 and 11223/102, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). JPEG file (507 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "Foure burned at St. Edmunds Bury." Four men--John Cooke, Robert Myles alias Plummer, Alexander Lane, and James Ashley-- stand clothed in robes and chained to two stakes. They are surrounded by flames and each man has his arms extended toward the crowd that surrounds them. In earlier editions, this martyrdom is represented by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100. It is, however, a completely new design here, different from the revision of “The martyrdom of Rafe Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth.” JPEG file (536 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A single man, known as “Peake,” is chained to the stake at Ipswich. Fully clothed, he extends his arms out toward the crowd that is gathered beneath him. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/18, which appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/14, but differs from the revision used to illustrate "The burning of John Castellane." JPEG file (435 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: James Bainham undergoes public penance by standing barefoot on a platform in St. Paul's Cathedral in London and carrying a long taper and a bundle of wood. A priest stands behind him and a man in the crowd raises his hand. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/45, which appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (449 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Denley, fully clothed and chained to the stake, leans forward with arms extended toward a solider who is about to throw a bundle of faggots into the fire. Four other soldiers stand nearby and appear to be in conversation with each other rather than watching Denley's burning. Four ecclesiastical commissioners stand in the foreground of the image and appear to be administering this martyrdom and also instructing the soldier to throw the bundle of faggots. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/74, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (521 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Foxe lists the names and death dates of Protestant and proto-Protestant martyrs for the months of July and August. JPEG file (1.22 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Foxe lists the names and death dates of martyrs for the months of September and October. JPEG file (1.14 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Margery Polley, fully clothed with hands upraised and tears streaming down her face, stands chained to the stake at Tonbridge. While the flames engulf her and a large black cloud of smoke hovers above her, a crowd of soldiers surrounds her and watches her burn. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/73 which appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. In the earlier woodcut editions, Polley's arms are folded across her chest rather than extended upward. JPEG file (52.7 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Kurde stands chained to a stake amidst burning faggots. He is fully clothed and has both arms flailing about him. He is surrounded by a crowd of soldiers who observe the martyrdom. The soldier standing to the right of Kurde seems to be gesturing something by pointing his finger toward the right of the image. Another soldier stands at the forefront of the image and appears to be keeping a sympathetic man and woman at bay, who seem to be pleading for Kurde’s life. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/14, which appears multiple times in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. It appears here apparently as a new design, with faint hints at the original. JPEG file (1.28 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The burning of the Godly and constant Martyr Mr. Thomas Bilney.” Fully clothed and with arms extended outward, Bilney stands chained to the stake and surrounded by flames and smoke. A crowd of soldiers looks on while one of them stokes the fire. This is a new design that presumably replaces the woodcut which appears in all four earlier English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583) entitled: "Friers [friars] pulling Bilney out of the pulpit." (The actual martyrdom of Bilney is not illustrated in the first four editions.) In this edition, the image is a revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/38, 11223/5, and 11222/11. JPEG file (467 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Twenty-two Protestant martyrs wait for death. These Protestants are roped together and led from Colchester (Essex) to London for interrogation by Bishop Bonner. The group is led and followed by officials on horseback and also accompanied by another official on foot. The engraving includes scripture at the top of the image that reads "Ye shall be led before Princes and Rulers for my Names Sake. Matthew 10." Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/48 and 11223/95, which appear in all four early English editions (1563. 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (471 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Anne Albright, Joane Catmer, John Lomas, Agnes Snoth, and Joane Sole are chained together to two stakes at Canterbury. They are surrounded by faggots and engulfed by very large flames. A small man in the foreground of the image is tending the pyre while a large crowd gathers around the burning martyrs. Several men on horses appear to the right of the image while the man standing to the left of the image appears to be administering the martyrdom. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/86, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (547 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Hugh Latimer ("Mr. Latimer") preaches from an open-air pulpit in Westminster. King Edward VI ( "K. Edward") and three other men listen from an indoor window at the right of the image while a large congregation gathers below the pulpit. A few men are scattered on the balcony in the background of the image and a woman sits on the steps of the pulpit with an open book, presumably the Bible. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/37 and 11223/80, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (498 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The description of Dr. Cranmer, how he was plucked down from the stage, by Friars and Papists, for the true Confessions of his faith.” While Doctor Henry Cole ("D. Cole.") preaches from a pulpit, Cranmer (“Dr. Cranmer”) is pulled down from the stage by friars and clerics and arrested for the true confession of his faith. A congregation and a group of clerics observe Cranmer's arrest. The event occurs at the University Church of St. Mary, in Oxford. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/43 and 11223/87, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (515 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Four prisoners sit in stocks in a prison cell in Lollards Tower. The prisoner farthest left in the image, identified as "George King," sits on a stool with both of his hands and feet in the stocks. The man directly to King's right is standing with only his hands in the stocks and is identified as "Iohn [John] Wade." The man directly to Wade's right, "I. [J.] Leyes," is standing with one foot in the stocks and one hand in the stocks and the other hand raised to his head. There is also another shadowy figure, possibly the jailer, that appears directly behind Leyes. "Andrew" lies on the ground with his feet in the stocks; it is unclear whether he is alive or dead. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/36 and 11223/77, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (471 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Foxe lists the names and death dates of Protestant and proto-Protestant martyrs for the months of March and April. JPEG file (1.28 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Bishop Nicholas Ridley (“Ridley”) of London and Bishop Hugh Latimer (“Latimer”) of Worcester are tied, back-to-back, to a stake outside of Oxford. Ridley ("In manus tuas domine [In your hand, Oh Lord]"), stands facing to the left of the image with his arms outstretched to the crowd. Latimer ("Father of Heaven, receive my soul") stands facing the right of the image with his arms outstretched as well. The two men are surrounded by a very large crowd, and a richly dressed priest, ("D. Smith,") stands at a pulpit at the top of the image and quotes the biblical passage from I Corinthians 13:3: "Si corpus meum tradam igni caritatem autem non habeaum nihil vtilitatis &c. [If I should surrender my body to the fire and have not charity, however, nothing of usefulness, etc]". A very large crowd surrounds the burning of Ridley and Latimer, including a group of richly dressed men to the left of the image. One of these men, ("L. Wilhas,") motions toward Ridley and says, "Master Ridley, I will remember your suit." Thomas Cranmer [“Cranmer"] watches the execution from above, saying, "O Lord, strengthen them." Soldiers arrange the faggots and prepare for the burning. Unlike earlier editions, this engraving is no longer tipped-in. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/38 and 11223/81, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (459 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, burning at the stake. The caption of the image indicates that this martyrdom took place on February 9, 1555. In this illustration, Hooper stands naked, wrapped only in a loincloth and tied to the stake by a band around his waist. With his right hand draped across his chest he cries, "Lord Iesus [Jesus] receive my Soule [Soul]." Hooper is surrounded by several civilians, both men and women, who are weeping and pleading for his life, and by soldiers who are administering the martyrdom and an official on a horse who is supervising. A dark cloud hovers above Hooper while the flames rage at his feet. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/25 and 11223/61, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (35.9 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "A true description of the racking and cruell [cruel] handling of Cutbert [Cuthbert] Symson [Simson] in the Tower." The illustration depicts three separate scenes. Center: “Cutbert Simson upon ye [the] rack”; upper left:“The description how Cutbert Simson stood in an engine of Iron 3 houres [hours], within the Tower, Commonly called Skevingtons gyves [gives];” upper right: “The grating of an arrow thorow [through] Cutbert Simsons fingers." Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/50 and 11223/101, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). JPEG file (1.22 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “A Picture describing the manner and place of them which were in bonds for the Testimony of the truth, conferring among themselves.” Robert Smith [“R. Smith”] sits at a table in a prison cell and converses with six other prisoners; he has an open book (presumably a Bible) in front of him. Two other seated men also hold books: “Tankerfield” holds an open book with both hands and “Iohn [John] Newman” holds a closed book in his right hand. Another man wearing a large robe and a cap, “Simson," gestures toward Smith. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/35 and 11223/76, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (487 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: The burning of the books and bones of both Martin Bucer and Paul Fagius in the town square of Cambridge. At the top of the image, officials are casting both the bones and the books into a large burning pyre. A large procession of civilians begins at the left of the image and circles the burning pyre. This large group of civilians carries with them tapers and banners while others kneel before the burning pyre. Friars and clerics lead this procession and give several orders to those who follow: "Salue festa dies [Hail thee, festival day]," "On afore, On afore," and "Hold up your torches for [from] dropping". Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/47 and 11223/94, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (449 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: William Hale [Haile] stands fully clothed and chained to the stake. He cries, "Beware of this Idolater," and points at Bishop Edmund Bonner [“Bonner”] in the crowd. Bonner stands with his hand over his chest and has an alarmed expression on his face. Another soldier is turned away from Hale and looks directly at Bonner. Several other soldiers gather behind Hale and Bonner while many faceless soldiers appear in the background. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/16, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. This, however, is a completely new design. JPEG file (502 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: William Nichol, arms extended toward the crowd, stands chained to the stake and burning. A crowd of soldiers observes and to the left of the image a soldier on horseback appears to be administering the martyrdom. Three men stand at the forefront of the image and have their hands raised toward Nichol and appear to be pleading for his life. Some rolling hills are in the distant background of the image, with faint outlines of some buildings. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/18, which appears multiple times in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (551 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Foxe lists the names and death dates of Protestant and proto-Protestant martyrs for the months of January and February. JPEG file (1.14 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “Seven Godly and constant Martyrs, suffering at one fire together in Smithfield.” Encircled by bundles of faggots, the seven martyrs, including at least one woman, stand back-to-back and chained to three stakes. Each of the martyrs is fully clothed and is identified as (from the top, clockwise): “B. Green,” "Whittle," "Went," "Isab," "Foster," "I. Warne," and "T. Brown.” A richly dressed man sits atop a horse at the right of the image and appears to be administering the execution. A group of observers consisting of both soldiers and civilians surrounds the pyre. Unlike earlier woodcut editions of this illustration, the names of the martyrs are included. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/42 and 11223/85, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (541 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: King Henry VIII sits enthroned on a raised dais over Pope Clement VII ("P. Cleme [Pope Clement]"), whose tiara lies discarded before him. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester ("B. Fisher [Bishop Fisher]") bends over the Pope, while Cardinal Reginald Pole ("OLE") looks up at Henry from the king's left. Thomas Cromwell ("Cromwell"), Henry's vicegerent for religious affairs, and Thomas Cranmer ("Cranmer"), Archbishop of Canterbury, receive the English Bible from Henry, who also holds a sword. Other courtiers observe, some with seeming dismay on their countenances. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/48, which appears only in the fourth (1583) early English edtion. JPEG file (414 KB).
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