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Woodcuts from John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments
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Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A balding, bearded man burns at the stake. He faces toward the left of the image and clasps his hands in prayer. This woodcut appears nine times in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the burning of Thomas Rhedonensis (at Rome) (sig. KK5r, p. 645); Richard Wiche priest (sig. NN2v, p. 676); John Stilman (sig. BBb3r, p. 789); Thomas Hytten (sig. RRr4r, p. 971); James Baynham (sig. UUu1v [top], p. 1002); Thomas Benet (at Exeter) (sig. UUu6v, p. 1012); Walter Mille (sig. RRR6r, p. 1239); Robert Farrar bishop (at Carmarthen) (sig. SSSs6v, p. 1472); and Diricke Carver (at Lewes) (sig. GGGG1v, p. 1594). This woodcut first appears in John Day's edition of R. González de Montes, De heylighe Spaensche inquisitie (1569). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/19, 12000/1. JPEG file (3.75 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A clothed woman and three clothed men burn at two stakes. The woman folds her hands before her in prayer. One of the men, at the right, faces forward and displays his palm. A second man stands in profile on the left and raises both arms above his head, while a third man, at the rear, raises his left arm. This woodcut appears twice in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the burning of Rafe Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth (at Islington) (sig. LLLLl4v, p. 1912) and John Corneford, Christopher Browne, John Herst, Alyce Snoth, and Katherine Knight (otherwise called Katherine Tynley) (at Canterbury) (sig. OOOOo3v [right], p. 1946). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Oldcastle hangs chained from a gallows and suspended over a burning pyre. Workers tend the fire, and a supervisor leads his horse nearby. A large crowd of civilians, clerics, and monks observes; some of these figures express alarm, and others express mockery. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/10, 11223/13. JPEG file (1.06 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Two guards roast a naked man, whom they have bound to a spit. One of the guards ladles vinegar and salt over the martyr. The bucket containing the vinegar-salt mixture rests at the guard's right knee. [Cartouche: "The rosting of Christians at a low fire, with vineger and salt poured upo[n] their members.78." / "The roasting of Christians at a low fire, with vinegar and salt poured upon their members. 78."]. This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (622 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and Two men hang by the waist from a gallows. The man on the left is clothed in loincloth and hangs facing upward, while the man on the right hangs facing downward. (Cartouche: "Some ha[n]ged by the middles. &c.79." ["Some hanged by the middles, etc. 79."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (211 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Turbaned Turks discover the martyred corpse of a converted Jew and (in an upper insert) bury it. The corpse has been lacerated and is dressed in loincloth. The scene transpires in Constantinople. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/41. JPEG file (3.64 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: An executioner stands at the body and severed head of George Scherrer and gestures to a crowd of onlookers. The arms and legs of Scherrer's corpse are crossed, and his trunk bleeds at the neck. A cluster of buildings is visible in the distance. According to Foxe, Scherrer had predicted that a miraculous sign would accompany his execution as a testimony to the truth of his Protestant belief. Foxe interprets the crossing of Scherrer's limbs after his beheading as the fulfillment of this prophecy. The woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/40. JPEG file (3.88 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Foxe's publisher, John Day, appears in profile in this portrait device, along with a colophon. The cartouche surrounding him reads, "Liefe is deathe and death is liefe: Aetatis suae: XXXX." ["Life is death and death is life: in the 40th year of his life"]. Although Day includes this woodcut in large-format editions of other works, it appears only in the first (1563) and second (1570) editions of the Book of Martyrs. The colophon of the first edition reads, "Imprinted at London by John Day dwelling over Aldersgate beneath Saint Martin's, Anno. 1563. the 20 of March. Cum gratia & privilegio Regiae majestatis. [i.e., With the favor and prerogative of the Queen's majesty.] These books are to be sold at his shop under the gate." No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (1.42 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and A man dressed in loincloth lies chained to a wooden platform. Workers with shirt sleeves rolled up lacerate the man by scraping shells across his body. One worker lifts the man's head by the beard. (Cartouche: "Christians scraped with sharpe shelles.79." ["Christians scraped with sharp shells. 79."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (315 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Flanked by John Day, Foxe, and, possibly, Sir William Cecil, Queen Elizabeth I sits enthroned over the pope, who holds broken keys of his office. An initial "C" frames her in the style of a cornucopia. The dais on which the queen sits contains the xylographic identification, "Elisabetha Regina" ["Queen Elizabeth"]. Elizabeth carries a sword and orb, which symbolize her authority, while serpents entwine the pope as symbols of the alleged "error" of Roman Catholicism. This illustration opens Foxe's dedication to Queen Elizabeth. The text of the dedication evolves over the first four editions of the Book of Martyrs to reflect Foxe's changing views concerning the status of Protestantism in England. The illustration appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (538 KB).