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Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: After cutting Damlip down from a gallows, a guard disembowels him. Damlip lies propped, still living, against the gallows, and a fire burns nearby, ready to consume his entrails. The recently severed noose hangs from Damlip's neck. An official on horseback supervises the execution, and a crowd of soldiers observes. Damlip's martyrdom occurs at Calais. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/53. JPEG file (3.98 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: This almanac contains columns for "The Golden numbre," "The Epact," "The circle of the Sunne," the "Dominicall letter," and the date of Easter. Each column supplies data for sequential years from 1563 through 1593. The almanac is printed in red and black ink and appears only in the first edition (1563). No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (1.34 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Albright, Catmer, Lomas, Snoth, and Sole (all clothed) burn at two stakes. Lomas and two of the women fold their hands before them in prayer. One of the women raises her hand above her head. The martyrdom occurs at Canterbury. Even though the design of this woodcut is similar to other woodcuts that undergo repetition in the Book of Martyrs, this woodcut appears only once in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/86. JPEG file (3.83 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: In this overhead view of Smithfield, Askew and two companions stand chained to stakes and await martyrdom. Workers prepare faggots, and a very large crowd observes, some from windows and surrounding roofs. Nicholas Shaxton, the one-time Bishop of Salisbury who resigned his bishopric following the passage of the Act of Six Articles (1539), preaches from a portable pulpit. Shaxton recanted his Protestant belief prior to this scene in order to avoid the fate of Askew and her companions. Religious authorities had illegally tortured Askew, prior to this execution, in an attempt to extract information from her concerning the identity of Protestant sympathizers at the royal court. In the center of the image, observers view the execution from a platform, which has been raised outside the church of St. Bartholomew the Great. Thunder descends from a cloud above, and soldiers on horseback manage spectators on the fringe of the crowd. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583) but first appears in Robert Crowley, The confutation of xiii. articles, wherunto N. Shaxton, late byshop subscribed (1548). Luborsky and Ingram 6083/1, 11222/21, 11223/54. JPEG file (1.23 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Bishop Edmund Bonner (xylographically identified as "Bo[n]no" ["Bonner"]) scourges a partially naked prisoner, who drips blood. An assistant covers his eyes and clasps the prisoner's head between his legs. Two priests observe, and a second and third attendant enter, one of whom carries a flail. The incident occurs in the orchard of Fulham Palace, the London residence of the Bishop of London. When Bonner saw this image, he reportedly said, "A vengeance on the fool! How could he get my picture drawn so right!" This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/51, 11223/102. JPEG file (1.01 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man carries a burning taper in his left hand, while Bishop Edmund Bonner ("Bon[n]er") flogs him from behind. A crowd observes. This woodcut appears once in the second edition (1570) to illustrate the penance of John Florence. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. JPEG file (3.57 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man carries a burning taper in his left hand, while Bishop Edmund Bonner ("Bon[n]er") flogs him from behind. A crowd observes. This woodcut appears twice in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the penance of John Florence (sig. II6v [right], p. 636) and Tho. Pye and John Mendham (sig. KK2v, p. 640). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. JPEG file (3.57 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man carries a burning taper in his left hand, while Bishop Edmund Bonner ("Bon[n]er") flogs him from behind. A crowd observes. This woodcut appears twice in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate the penance of John Florence (sig. LL6r [right], p. 659) and Tho. Pye and John Mendham (sig. MM2r, p. 663). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. JPEG file (3.57 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A jailor guards Bradford, while three bishops question him in his cell. Xylographic labels identify Bradford and his guard ("Bradford" and "keper." ["keeper"]). Bradford carries a book, which symbolizes a Bible, in his right hand. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/32, 11223/70. JPEG file (1.01 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A man and a woman lie partially submerged under a pile of boar meat. Five boars feed on both the meat and the martyrs. (Cartouche: "Christian maidens couered under hogs meate, and so cast to the swine to be deuoured. 88." ["Christian maidens covered under hogs' meat, and so cast to the swine to be devoured. 88."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (442 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and Martyrs burn at the stake on top of an open furnace. The martyrs are dressed in loincloth, and a worker fuels the furnace from below. (Cartouche: "Christia[n]s burned in a fornace. 34. 63." ["Christians burned in a furnace. 34. 63."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (520 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A woman and man, both bound, hang by their hair on either side of a tree. A second woman hangs by the ankles at the man's right. The first woman is partially clothed, and the man and the second woman are each dressed in loincloth. (Cartouche: "Some hanged by the heare and feete.41.80." [ "Some hanged by the hair and feet. 41. 80."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (303 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Wielding clubs in their right hands, two men attack three Christians (men and women) for refusing to worship the idol that sits behind them. Two of the victims raise their arms, and a third raises his right hand above his head and points upward. (Cartouche: "The Christians beaten with coudgils for not worshipping the Idoll.64." ["The Christians beat with cudgels for not worshipping the Idol. 64."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (514 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: After a series of protracted negotiations, Pope Clement VII denied King Henry VIII a legal divorce from his wife, Catharine of Aragon. These Arms appear at Foxe's printing of Pope Clement's bull of sentence against Henry. The papal tiara rests atop two crossed papal keys of office. A rope loosely links these keys and descends under and behind a shield, which presents five blank orbs and a sixth orb that contains three stars. This woodcut appears only in the second edition (1570). "Coat of Arms of Pope Julius II" replaces the image in the fourth edition (1583). Neither woodcut appears in the first (1563) or third (1576) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/56. JPEG file (3.43 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: In these Arms of Pope Julius II, the papal tiara rests behind two crossed papal keys of office. A shield sits before these keys and contains an oak tree bearing acorns. The shield also displays tassels. This woodcut appears in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate Foxe's printing of Pope Clement VII's bull of sentence against Henry VIII, who had tried to obtain from the papacy a divorce from his wife, Catharine of Aragon. Pope Julius II reigned from 1503-13. At the time of Henry's marriage to Catharine, English and Spanish authorities sought a dispensation from Julius that would allow the match, since Catharine had previously been married to Henry's older brother, Arthur. In the 1583 edition, these Arms replace "Coat of Arms of Pope Clement VII," which appears in this location in 1570. Neither woodcut appears in the first (1563) or third (1576) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11225/1. JPEG file (843 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: As Collins burns at the stake in Smithfield, a guard holds Collins's dog by the tail and prepares to cast it in the fire. According to Foxe, Collins suffers martyrdom for having held his dog aloft, in mockery of the consecrated host, while he attended Mass. This crime also implicates the dog, who must accordingly suffer Collins's fate. A crowd of soldiers watches in the background, and the burning martyr gazes at the guard. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/51. JPEG file (3.54 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: COMMENTARII RERVM IN ECCLESIA GEstarum, maximarumq[ue], per totam Europam, persecutionum, a Vuicleui temporibus ad hanc usq[ue] ætate[m] descriptio. Liber primus. Autore Ioanne Foxo Anglo. HIIS IN CALCE ACCESSErunt Aphorismi Ioannis Vuicleui, cum collectaneis quibusdam, Reginaldi Pecoki Episcopi Cicestrensis. Item, Opistographia quædam ad Oxonienses. ARGENTORATI Excudebat Vuendelinus Rihelius Anno M.D. LIIII. [Commentary of matters happening in the church and a description of great persecution throughout all of Europe from the time of Wycliffe to this age. Book one. By the author John Foxe Englishman. Added to these in the end are the Aphorisms of John Wycliffe with a collection of certain writings by Reginald Pecock, Bishop of Chichester. Also, a postscript to men of Oxford. Wendelin Rihel imprinted in Strasbourg in the year 1554]. No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (2.85 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A crowd of mourners witnesses the burial of a Protestant martyr who has died in prison. Some observers carry longbows, and others raise their arms upward in song. Two individuals have removed their hats and hold them in their hands. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/39, 11223/82. JPEG file (1 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Simson lies in anguish on the rack ("Cutbert Simson upon the racke." ["Cuthbert Simpson upon the rack"]). Under the direction of a priest and two richly dressed figures, two workers operate the device. Stairs ascend upward at the left of the image. In an upper right insert, Simson stands handcuffed and bound in an iron collar that descends to the ground ("The description howe Cutbert Symson stoode in an engyne of yron three houres within the Tower, commonlye called Sceuyng tons gyues" ["The description how Cuthbert Simson stood in an engine of iron three hours within the Tower, commonly called Scevingtons gives"]). In an upper left insert, Simson receives an arrow passed through his fingers ("The gratynge of an arrowe throughe Cutbert Symsons fyngers" ["The grating of an arrow through Cuthbert Simson's fingers"]). These incidents transpire at the Tower of London, which served as a prison during the Tudor period. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/50, 11223/101. JPEG file (990 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Against a panoramic backdrop of Windsor Castle ("The Descripsion of Windsor [Castle]" ["The Description of Windsor Castle"]), three figures burn at the stake. Workers light the pyre, and richly dressed spectators and soldiers observe, some on horseback and others on foot. At the top of the image, Royal Arms flank a cartouche ("The condemning of Anthony Person, Marbecke, Testwood, and Filmer, with the burning of the sayd Person, Testwood, and Filmer, vnder the Castle of Windsore, here liuely described. Read pag. 1219. Marbecke saued by the Kynges Pardon" ["The condemning of Anthony Person, Marbeck, Testwood, and Filmer, with the burning of the said Person, Testwood, and Filmer, under the Castle of Windsor, here lively described. Read page 1219. Marbeck saved by the King's Pardon"]). A boy watches from a tree at the left, above the initials "MD," which also appear on "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" in this collection and may identify the designer of certain Foxe woodcuts. At the lower left of the image, seven judges preside over the trial of the four martyrs, and attendants and a clerk observe ("Anth. Person, Marbecke, Testwood, and Filmer, condemned by D. Capon Bishop of Sarum: Fachell geuing iudgement. Pag. 1219." ["Anthony Person, Marbeck, Testwood, and Filmer condemned by Doctor Capon Bishop of Sarum: Fachell giving judgment. Page 1219"]). At the bottom center, soldiers lead two martyrs, who are charged with perjury, backward on horseback through a town square. Onlookers gather at a distance ("D. London, and Simons, riding about the market place, with papers on their heades, for periurie, and secrete practising against certaine of the priuy Chamber." ["Doctor London, and Simons, riding about the market place, with papers on their heads, for perjury and secret practicing against certain [members] of the privy Chamber"]). At the lower right, a martyr ("R. Ockam") stands in a pillory, flanked by soldiers and civilians. ("Robert Ockam standing on the Pillory in the Towne of Newbery, where he was borne, for the like offence. Pag. 1224" ["Robert Ockam standing on the pillory in the town of Newbery, where he was born, for the like offence. Page 1224"]). To the right of this appears another set of initials, "RB," which could suggest a second designer of both this and other woodcut images. This woodcut appears in the third (1576) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11224/4. JPEG file (5.2 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A man and a woman dressed in loincloth burn at the stake. Wielding a sharp hook, a soldier prepares to strike the man. Armed with a pike, a second soldier places the man’s entrails into the fire. The man looks down at the burning. (Cartouche: "Some burnt with their entrals torne out. 34." ["Some burnt with their entrails torn out. 34."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (527 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Taylor ("Mercifull father for Jesus sake, receiue my soule." ["Merciful father for Jesus sake, receive my soul"]) stands among faggots and extends his arms outward. Observing spectators and soldiers anticipate Taylor's execution. Two supervisors direct the preparations from horseback. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/26, 11223/62. JPEG file (1.13 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: While Doctor Henry Cole ("D. Cole.") preaches from a pulpit, a friar and two others pull Cranmer ("Cranmer.") down from a platform. A congregation and a group of clerics observe Cranmer's arrest. The event occurs at the University Church of St. Mary, in Oxford. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/43, 11223/87. JPEG file (990 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Bishop Bonner (identified xylographically as "Bonner.") sits with three other priests and burns Tomkins's hand. A fourth man observes, and a fifth glances away. In the OSU copy of the 1563 version of the illustration (pictured here), someone has torn out Bonner's face in an apparent act of defacement. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Tomkins suffers martyrdom in "Martyr burns at the stake (5)" in this collection. Luborsky and Ingram 11222/28, 11223/63. JPEG file (1 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Two soldiers observe as Tyrrell burns Allin's right hand by means of a lit candle. Allin had been carrying water to her mother, who lies sick in bed. Within the house, a man (presumably Allin's father) kneels before her mother and folds his hands in prayer. In an upper insert, Allin and her parents suffer martyrdom. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/52, 11223/99. JPEG file (997 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Emperor Constantine I stands at his throne and embraces a bishop. The emperor holds the rod of his office in his left hand, and other bishops observe with approval. The damage to the OSU copy of this illustration (pictured here) results from a reader having defaced the woodcut that appears on the verso side of the next leaf. This woodcut is the second in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" series and appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/25. JPEG file (3.93 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Ohio State University Libraries and Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library Description: This woodcut image depicts selected reforms of the English church that transpired during the reign of King Edward VI. Priests and tonsured friars carry censing bells, mass books, crucifixes, and other allegedly dangerous objects of Roman Catholic devotion from a church ("The Temple well purged") and load them onto a waiting ship ("The ship of the Romish Church" ["The ship of the Roman Church"]; "Shippe ouer your trinkets and be packing ye Papistes" ["Ship over your trinkets and be packing you papists"]; "The Papistes packing away their paultrye" ["The papists packing away their paltry"]). Iconoclasts burn images ("Burning of Images") and pull statues from the church wall in the background. In the lower left, King Edward carries a sword that symbolizes his authority as Supreme Head of the Church of England, a title first assumed by Henry VIII. Edward delivers a Bible ("Biblia" [Bible]) to his attendants, an action which alludes to the royal support of vernacular Bible reading that appears in "King Edward VI receives a book" and "King Henry VIII sits enthroned over Pope Clement VII" in this collection. The initials "E[dwardus] 6. R[ex]" ["King Edward VI"] appear on Edward's throne. In the lower right, a preacher delivers a sermon to a congregation of men and women, who read from open Bibles. Nearby rest a communion table ("The Co[m]munion Table") and a baptismal font, which is in use. These objects symbolize the Edwardian church's rejection of the other five Roman Catholic sacraments. This portion of the image echoes a similar portrayal on the title page woodcut of the Book of Martyrs. "English Reformation under King Edward VI" introduces Foxe's discussion of Edward's reign in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/57. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: An enthroned emperor observes the suffering and martyrdom of Christian bishops. The emperor holds a sword, which symbolizes his authority, and soldiers attend him. The woodcut contains six scenes of torture: flames engulf a martyr (upper left); lions devour a naked man (upper center); two workers crucify a man upside-down (upper right) (see "St. Peter undergoes crucifixion upside-down" in this collection); two guards flog a man, who is dressed in loincloth, tied to a stake, and bleeding (right foreground); a torturer stands on and drills out the eye of a bound bishop (center foreground) (see "Martyrs suffer branding and the removal of their eyes" in this collection); and a man kneels, about to be beheaded (center). Beginning with the second edition (1570), this woodcut and the eleven that follow it comprise an appendix to volume one of the work, under the title "The Proud Primacy of Popes." This appendix details the alleged decline of relations between Christian monarchs and the papacy during the medieval period, a decline which Foxe traces from its beginning at the time of the primitive Church. The damage to the OSU copy of this illustration (pictured here) results from a reader having defaced the woodcut that appears on the verso side of the next leaf. The "Proud Primacy" series appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/24. JPEG file (4.72 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Some of these burning martyrs extend their hands before them, and others fold or cross their hands in front of them. The martyrs are clothed. This woodcut appears twice in the second edition (1570) to illustrate the burning of George Catmer, Robert Streater, Anthony Burward, George Brodbridge, and James Tuttye (at Canterbury) (sig. MMMM3v, p. 1884) and Tho. Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thyrtell, Margarete Hyde, and Agnes Stanley (at Smithfield) (sig. NNNNn4r, p. 2161). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/78. JPEG file (3.76 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Some of these burning martyrs extend their hands before them, and others fold or cross their hands in front of them. The martyrs are clothed. This woodcut appears twice in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the burning of George Catmer, Robert Streater, Anthony Burward, George Brodbridge, and James Tuttie (at Canterbury) (sig. HHHH5v, p. 1614) and Thomas Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thirtell, Margaret Hyde, and Agnes Stanley (at Smithfield) (sig. GGGGg6r, p. 1867). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/78. JPEG file (3.76 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Some of these burning martyrs extend their hands before them, and others fold or cross their hands in front of them. The martyrs are clothed. This woodcut appears three times in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate the burning of [George] Catmer, [Robert] Streater, [Anthony] Burward, [George] Brodbridge, and [James] Tuttie (at Canterbury) (sig. NNNN4r, p. 1708); Thomas Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thitell, Margaret Hyde, and Agnes Stankey (at Smithfield) (sig. NNNNn6r, p. 1976); and John Corneford, Christopher Browne, John Herst, Alice Snoth, and Katherine Knight (otherwise called Katherine Tynley) (sig. UUUUu2v [right], p. 2053). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/78. JPEG file (3.76 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Four horses are fastened to four separate harnesses, each of which is connected to the limb of a martyr. The man is dressed in loincloth. Two soldiers whip the horses, which pull the man apart. (Cartouche: "The Christians drawne in peeces with wild horses. 79." ["The Christians drawn in pieces with [i.e., by] wild horses. 79."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (648 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A clothed woman and three clothed men burn at two stakes. The woman folds her hands before her in prayer. One of the men, at the right, faces forward and displays his palm. A second man stands in profile on the left and raises both arms above his head, while a third man, at the rear, raises his left arm. This woodcut appears twice in the second edition (1570) to illustrate the burning of Rafe Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth (at Islington) (sig. SSSSs1r, p. 2215) and John Corneford, Christopher Browne, John Herst, Alyce Snoth, Katherine Knight, and Katherine Tynley (at Canterbury) (sig. XXXXx2r [right], p. 2253). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A clothed woman and three clothed men burn at two stakes. The woman folds her hands before her in prayer. One of the men, at the right, faces forward and displays his palm. A second man stands in profile on the left and raises both arms above his head, while a third man, at the rear, raises his left arm. This woodcut appears twice in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the burning of Rafe Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth (at Islington) (sig. LLLLl4v, p. 1912) and John Corneford, Christopher Browne, John Herst, Alyce Snoth, and Katherine Knight (otherwise called Katherine Tynley) (at Canterbury) (sig. OOOOo3v [right], p. 1946). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A clothed woman and three clothed men burn at two stakes. The woman folds her hands before her in prayer. One of the men, at the right, faces forward and displays his palm. A second man stands in profile on the left and raises both arms above his head, while a third man, at the rear, raises his left arm. This woodcut appears twice in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate the burning of Rafe Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth (at Islington) (sig. RRRRr3v, p. 2019) and John Cooke, Rob. Myles alias Plummer, Alexander Lane, and James Ashley (at St. Edmundsbury) (sig. TTTTt5v [right], p. 2047). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and Four martyrs sit back to back in a vat of hot oil, two of them gazing upward in prayer. A soldier pours a ladle of heated oil over the martyrs, and a second soldier pumps a bellows beneath the vat. A turbaned emperor speaks to a richly dressed man at his left, while a group of soldiers and others observes (one of whom gazes upward). (Cartouche: "Christians put in a vessellofboylyngoyle. 36." ["Christians put in a vessel of boiling oil. 36."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (1.32 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A jailor lurks in the shadows of this prison scene, behind an open door. Four martyrs sit in stocks. The prisoners are "T. Leyes" [T[homas] Leyes]; "Androws" ["Andrews"]; "Ri. Smith." ["Ri[chard] Smith"]; and "Tho. King." ["Tho[mas] King"]. The identities of these martyrs caused Foxe a considerable amount of confusion. In the Rerum (1559), a note indicates that "Richard Smith" and George "Bing" died in Lollards' Tower in September 1555 (p. 525). (A digital image of the title page of this book, one of two Latin precursors to the Book of Martyrs, is available in this collection.) "Bing" becomes "King" in the 1563 edition, but Leyes, also named in 1563, perished in Newgate prison rather than in Lollards' Tower. Foxe amends these names in the 1570 edition to George King, Thomas Leyes, and John Wade, who all died in Lollards' Tower. It is likely that Foxe derived his information from oral sources, although it remains unclear whether the prisoners were held at Lollards' Tower at Lambeth or at the prison of the same name in St. Paul's Cathedral. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/36, 11223/77. JPEG file (1.03 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Friars forcibly remove Bilney from his pulpit outside Saint George's Church in Ipswich ("Friers pulling Bilney out of the pulpit." ["Friars pulling Bilney out of the pulpit"]; "Saint Georges churche in Ipswich." ["Saint George's church in Ipswich"]). The congregation of men, women, and children sits and stands nearby. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/14, 11223/43. JPEG file (1 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: In this illustration of the succession of Saxon kings from King Egbert to King Edward the Confessor, crown-topped orbs contain the name of each king, except for the two orbs that contain no crowns and the name of a non-ruling descendent. Each orb also contains the length of the respective king's reign. With the exception of King Athelwulf, the image does not present the wives of the kings. It also recognizes neither the birth order of descending kings nor the presence of Danish kings, who ruled England for a portion of the period covered by the diagram. (Foxe's text does address these reigns.) This woodcut appears in the fourth edition (1583). No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (2.1 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Engulfed in flames, Marsh burns at the stake beneath a barrel of dripping, heated tar. A soldier, partially obscured from view, stands at the right of the image. Marsh is barefoot and fully clothed. The martyrdom occurs at Chester. This woodcut appears the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/66. JPEG file (3.9 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: An executioner stands at the body and severed head of George Scherrer and gestures to a crowd of onlookers. The arms and legs of Scherrer's corpse are crossed, and his trunk bleeds at the neck. A cluster of buildings is visible in the distance. According to Foxe, Scherrer had predicted that a miraculous sign would accompany his execution as a testimony to the truth of his Protestant belief. Foxe interprets the crossing of Scherrer's limbs after his beheading as the fulfillment of this prophecy. The woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/40. JPEG file (3.88 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Bound and clothed, Wisehart hangs suspended over a fire. Chains and rope hold him to a gallows at both the waist and neck. The martyrdom occurs at St. Andrews, Scotland. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/55. JPEG file (3.53 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: The pope sits enthroned in a cathedral on a raised dais, surrounded by friars, cardinals, and bishops. Clergy and others stand below. All look upward in alarm at an oversized owl perched in the rafters, and some attempt to remove it. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/9. JPEG file (4.4 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Girolamo Savonarola, the zealous Dominican friar and Italian proto-reformer, and two others hang barefoot from a gallows. The martyrs are suspended from the neck by ropes and from the waist by chains. A fire burns beneath them. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/21. JPEG file (3.62 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Henry IV, King of Germany and future Holy Roman Emperor, awaits Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand) before the closed gates of Canosa in January 1077. He stands barefoot with his wife and son who also stand barefoot. Clerics and monks mock the king from above, while Gregory dallies with a woman. This woodcut appears once in the first edition (1563), as a paste-in, but twice in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Its second use in those editions forms the sixth illustration in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" woodcut series, which functions as an appendix to volume one of the work from the second edition onward. Luborsky and Ingram 11222/1, 11223/1. JPEG file (4.58 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Henry IV, King of Germany and future Holy Roman Emperor, surrenders his crown to Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand), who sits enthroned. Henry's wife and son kneel beside him, and cardinals and bishops observe with approval. The pope carries the keys of his office in his right hand. The events in this image occur immediately following those illustrated by "Henry IV awaits the pope outside Canosa" in this collection. This woodcut is the seventh in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" series and appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/29. JPEG file (4.42 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: This table describes the relationship between the length of the day and the position of the sun. Data appear for the months of July through December, reflecting a movement from longer to shorter days. The table is printed in red and black and appears only in the first edition (1563). No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (842 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: An emperor kneels and kisses the pope's right foot, while cardinals, clerics, a monk, and others observe. The pope carries the keys of his office in his right hand. In an insert at the pope's right, a jester kneels and points upward at the pope with one hand and downward at a chained monkey with the other. The damage to the OSU copy of this illustration (pictured here) results from a reader having defaced the woodcut in an apparent act of censorship. The image is the fourth in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" series and appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/27. JPEG file (4.49 MB).