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Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: After cutting Damlip down from a gallows, a guard disembowels him. Damlip lies propped, still living, against the gallows, and a fire burns nearby, ready to consume his entrails. The recently severed noose hangs from Damlip's neck. An official on horseback supervises the execution, and a crowd of soldiers observes. Damlip's martyrdom occurs at Calais. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/53. JPEG file (3.98 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: This almanac contains columns for "The Golden numbre," "The Epact," "The circle of the Sunne," the "Dominicall letter," and the date of Easter. Each column supplies data for sequential years from 1563 through 1593. The almanac is printed in red and black ink and appears only in the first edition (1563). No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (1.34 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Albright, Catmer, Lomas, Snoth, and Sole (all clothed) burn at two stakes. Lomas and two of the women fold their hands before them in prayer. One of the women raises her hand above her head. The martyrdom occurs at Canterbury. Even though the design of this woodcut is similar to other woodcuts that undergo repetition in the Book of Martyrs, this woodcut appears only once in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/86. JPEG file (3.83 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: In this overhead view of Smithfield, Askew and two companions stand chained to stakes and await martyrdom. Workers prepare faggots, and a very large crowd observes, some from windows and surrounding roofs. Nicholas Shaxton, the one-time Bishop of Salisbury who resigned his bishopric following the passage of the Act of Six Articles (1539), preaches from a portable pulpit. Shaxton recanted his Protestant belief prior to this scene in order to avoid the fate of Askew and her companions. Religious authorities had illegally tortured Askew, prior to this execution, in an attempt to extract information from her concerning the identity of Protestant sympathizers at the royal court. In the center of the image, observers view the execution from a platform, which has been raised outside the church of St. Bartholomew the Great. Thunder descends from a cloud above, and soldiers on horseback manage spectators on the fringe of the crowd. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583) but first appears in Robert Crowley, The confutation of xiii. articles, wherunto N. Shaxton, late byshop subscribed (1548). Luborsky and Ingram 6083/1, 11222/21, 11223/54. JPEG file (1.23 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Bishop Edmund Bonner (xylographically identified as "Bo[n]no" ["Bonner"]) scourges a partially naked prisoner, who drips blood. An assistant covers his eyes and clasps the prisoner's head between his legs. Two priests observe, and a second and third attendant enter, one of whom carries a flail. The incident occurs in the orchard of Fulham Palace, the London residence of the Bishop of London. When Bonner saw this image, he reportedly said, "A vengeance on the fool! How could he get my picture drawn so right!" This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/51, 11223/102. JPEG file (1.01 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man carries a burning taper in his left hand, while Bishop Edmund Bonner ("Bon[n]er") flogs him from behind. A crowd observes. This woodcut appears once in the second edition (1570) to illustrate the penance of John Florence. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. JPEG file (3.57 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man carries a burning taper in his left hand, while Bishop Edmund Bonner ("Bon[n]er") flogs him from behind. A crowd observes. This woodcut appears twice in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the penance of John Florence (sig. II6v [right], p. 636) and Tho. Pye and John Mendham (sig. KK2v, p. 640). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. JPEG file (3.57 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man carries a burning taper in his left hand, while Bishop Edmund Bonner ("Bon[n]er") flogs him from behind. A crowd observes. This woodcut appears twice in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate the penance of John Florence (sig. LL6r [right], p. 659) and Tho. Pye and John Mendham (sig. MM2r, p. 663). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. JPEG file (3.57 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A jailor guards Bradford, while three bishops question him in his cell. Xylographic labels identify Bradford and his guard ("Bradford" and "keper." ["keeper"]). Bradford carries a book, which symbolizes a Bible, in his right hand. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/32, 11223/70. JPEG file (1.01 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A man and a woman lie partially submerged under a pile of boar meat. Five boars feed on both the meat and the martyrs. (Cartouche: "Christian maidens couered under hogs meate, and so cast to the swine to be deuoured. 88." ["Christian maidens covered under hogs' meat, and so cast to the swine to be devoured. 88."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (442 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and Martyrs burn at the stake on top of an open furnace. The martyrs are dressed in loincloth, and a worker fuels the furnace from below. (Cartouche: "Christia[n]s burned in a fornace. 34. 63." ["Christians burned in a furnace. 34. 63."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (520 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A woman and man, both bound, hang by their hair on either side of a tree. A second woman hangs by the ankles at the man's right. The first woman is partially clothed, and the man and the second woman are each dressed in loincloth. (Cartouche: "Some hanged by the heare and feete.41.80." [ "Some hanged by the hair and feet. 41. 80."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (303 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Wielding clubs in their right hands, two men attack three Christians (men and women) for refusing to worship the idol that sits behind them. Two of the victims raise their arms, and a third raises his right hand above his head and points upward. (Cartouche: "The Christians beaten with coudgils for not worshipping the Idoll.64." ["The Christians beat with cudgels for not worshipping the Idol. 64."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (514 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: After a series of protracted negotiations, Pope Clement VII denied King Henry VIII a legal divorce from his wife, Catharine of Aragon. These Arms appear at Foxe's printing of Pope Clement's bull of sentence against Henry. The papal tiara rests atop two crossed papal keys of office. A rope loosely links these keys and descends under and behind a shield, which presents five blank orbs and a sixth orb that contains three stars. This woodcut appears only in the second edition (1570). "Coat of Arms of Pope Julius II" replaces the image in the fourth edition (1583). Neither woodcut appears in the first (1563) or third (1576) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/56. JPEG file (3.43 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: In these Arms of Pope Julius II, the papal tiara rests behind two crossed papal keys of office. A shield sits before these keys and contains an oak tree bearing acorns. The shield also displays tassels. This woodcut appears in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate Foxe's printing of Pope Clement VII's bull of sentence against Henry VIII, who had tried to obtain from the papacy a divorce from his wife, Catharine of Aragon. Pope Julius II reigned from 1503-13. At the time of Henry's marriage to Catharine, English and Spanish authorities sought a dispensation from Julius that would allow the match, since Catharine had previously been married to Henry's older brother, Arthur. In the 1583 edition, these Arms replace "Coat of Arms of Pope Clement VII," which appears in this location in 1570. Neither woodcut appears in the first (1563) or third (1576) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11225/1. JPEG file (843 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: As Collins burns at the stake in Smithfield, a guard holds Collins's dog by the tail and prepares to cast it in the fire. According to Foxe, Collins suffers martyrdom for having held his dog aloft, in mockery of the consecrated host, while he attended Mass. This crime also implicates the dog, who must accordingly suffer Collins's fate. A crowd of soldiers watches in the background, and the burning martyr gazes at the guard. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/51. JPEG file (3.54 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: COMMENTARII RERVM IN ECCLESIA GEstarum, maximarumq[ue], per totam Europam, persecutionum, a Vuicleui temporibus ad hanc usq[ue] ætate[m] descriptio. Liber primus. Autore Ioanne Foxo Anglo. HIIS IN CALCE ACCESSErunt Aphorismi Ioannis Vuicleui, cum collectaneis quibusdam, Reginaldi Pecoki Episcopi Cicestrensis. Item, Opistographia quædam ad Oxonienses. ARGENTORATI Excudebat Vuendelinus Rihelius Anno M.D. LIIII. [Commentary of matters happening in the church and a description of great persecution throughout all of Europe from the time of Wycliffe to this age. Book one. By the author John Foxe Englishman. Added to these in the end are the Aphorisms of John Wycliffe with a collection of certain writings by Reginald Pecock, Bishop of Chichester. Also, a postscript to men of Oxford. Wendelin Rihel imprinted in Strasbourg in the year 1554]. No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (2.85 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A crowd of mourners witnesses the burial of a Protestant martyr who has died in prison. Some observers carry longbows, and others raise their arms upward in song. Two individuals have removed their hats and hold them in their hands. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/39, 11223/82. JPEG file (1 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Simson lies in anguish on the rack ("Cutbert Simson upon the racke." ["Cuthbert Simpson upon the rack"]). Under the direction of a priest and two richly dressed figures, two workers operate the device. Stairs ascend upward at the left of the image. In an upper right insert, Simson stands handcuffed and bound in an iron collar that descends to the ground ("The description howe Cutbert Symson stoode in an engyne of yron three houres within the Tower, commonlye called Sceuyng tons gyues" ["The description how Cuthbert Simson stood in an engine of iron three hours within the Tower, commonly called Scevingtons gives"]). In an upper left insert, Simson receives an arrow passed through his fingers ("The gratynge of an arrowe throughe Cutbert Symsons fyngers" ["The grating of an arrow through Cuthbert Simson's fingers"]). These incidents transpire at the Tower of London, which served as a prison during the Tudor period. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/50, 11223/101. JPEG file (990 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Against a panoramic backdrop of Windsor Castle ("The Descripsion of Windsor [Castle]" ["The Description of Windsor Castle"]), three figures burn at the stake. Workers light the pyre, and richly dressed spectators and soldiers observe, some on horseback and others on foot. At the top of the image, Royal Arms flank a cartouche ("The condemning of Anthony Person, Marbecke, Testwood, and Filmer, with the burning of the sayd Person, Testwood, and Filmer, vnder the Castle of Windsore, here liuely described. Read pag. 1219. Marbecke saued by the Kynges Pardon" ["The condemning of Anthony Person, Marbeck, Testwood, and Filmer, with the burning of the said Person, Testwood, and Filmer, under the Castle of Windsor, here lively described. Read page 1219. Marbeck saved by the King's Pardon"]). A boy watches from a tree at the left, above the initials "MD," which also appear on "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" in this collection and may identify the designer of certain Foxe woodcuts. At the lower left of the image, seven judges preside over the trial of the four martyrs, and attendants and a clerk observe ("Anth. Person, Marbecke, Testwood, and Filmer, condemned by D. Capon Bishop of Sarum: Fachell geuing iudgement. Pag. 1219." ["Anthony Person, Marbeck, Testwood, and Filmer condemned by Doctor Capon Bishop of Sarum: Fachell giving judgment. Page 1219"]). At the bottom center, soldiers lead two martyrs, who are charged with perjury, backward on horseback through a town square. Onlookers gather at a distance ("D. London, and Simons, riding about the market place, with papers on their heades, for periurie, and secrete practising against certaine of the priuy Chamber." ["Doctor London, and Simons, riding about the market place, with papers on their heads, for perjury and secret practicing against certain [members] of the privy Chamber"]). At the lower right, a martyr ("R. Ockam") stands in a pillory, flanked by soldiers and civilians. ("Robert Ockam standing on the Pillory in the Towne of Newbery, where he was borne, for the like offence. Pag. 1224" ["Robert Ockam standing on the pillory in the town of Newbery, where he was born, for the like offence. Page 1224"]). To the right of this appears another set of initials, "RB," which could suggest a second designer of both this and other woodcut images. This woodcut appears in the third (1576) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11224/4. JPEG file (5.2 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A man and a woman dressed in loincloth burn at the stake. Wielding a sharp hook, a soldier prepares to strike the man. Armed with a pike, a second soldier places the man’s entrails into the fire. The man looks down at the burning. (Cartouche: "Some burnt with their entrals torne out. 34." ["Some burnt with their entrails torn out. 34."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (527 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Taylor ("Mercifull father for Jesus sake, receiue my soule." ["Merciful father for Jesus sake, receive my soul"]) stands among faggots and extends his arms outward. Observing spectators and soldiers anticipate Taylor's execution. Two supervisors direct the preparations from horseback. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/26, 11223/62. JPEG file (1.13 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: While Doctor Henry Cole ("D. Cole.") preaches from a pulpit, a friar and two others pull Cranmer ("Cranmer.") down from a platform. A congregation and a group of clerics observe Cranmer's arrest. The event occurs at the University Church of St. Mary, in Oxford. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/43, 11223/87. JPEG file (990 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Bishop Bonner (identified xylographically as "Bonner.") sits with three other priests and burns Tomkins's hand. A fourth man observes, and a fifth glances away. In the OSU copy of the 1563 version of the illustration (pictured here), someone has torn out Bonner's face in an apparent act of defacement. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Tomkins suffers martyrdom in "Martyr burns at the stake (5)" in this collection. Luborsky and Ingram 11222/28, 11223/63. JPEG file (1 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Two soldiers observe as Tyrrell burns Allin's right hand by means of a lit candle. Allin had been carrying water to her mother, who lies sick in bed. Within the house, a man (presumably Allin's father) kneels before her mother and folds his hands in prayer. In an upper insert, Allin and her parents suffer martyrdom. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/52, 11223/99. JPEG file (997 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Emperor Constantine I stands at his throne and embraces a bishop. The emperor holds the rod of his office in his left hand, and other bishops observe with approval. The damage to the OSU copy of this illustration (pictured here) results from a reader having defaced the woodcut that appears on the verso side of the next leaf. This woodcut is the second in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" series and appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/25. JPEG file (3.93 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Ohio State University Libraries and Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library Description: This woodcut image depicts selected reforms of the English church that transpired during the reign of King Edward VI. Priests and tonsured friars carry censing bells, mass books, crucifixes, and other allegedly dangerous objects of Roman Catholic devotion from a church ("The Temple well purged") and load them onto a waiting ship ("The ship of the Romish Church" ["The ship of the Roman Church"]; "Shippe ouer your trinkets and be packing ye Papistes" ["Ship over your trinkets and be packing you papists"]; "The Papistes packing away their paultrye" ["The papists packing away their paltry"]). Iconoclasts burn images ("Burning of Images") and pull statues from the church wall in the background. In the lower left, King Edward carries a sword that symbolizes his authority as Supreme Head of the Church of England, a title first assumed by Henry VIII. Edward delivers a Bible ("Biblia" [Bible]) to his attendants, an action which alludes to the royal support of vernacular Bible reading that appears in "King Edward VI receives a book" and "King Henry VIII sits enthroned over Pope Clement VII" in this collection. The initials "E[dwardus] 6. R[ex]" ["King Edward VI"] appear on Edward's throne. In the lower right, a preacher delivers a sermon to a congregation of men and women, who read from open Bibles. Nearby rest a communion table ("The Co[m]munion Table") and a baptismal font, which is in use. These objects symbolize the Edwardian church's rejection of the other five Roman Catholic sacraments. This portion of the image echoes a similar portrayal on the title page woodcut of the Book of Martyrs. "English Reformation under King Edward VI" introduces Foxe's discussion of Edward's reign in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/57. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: An enthroned emperor observes the suffering and martyrdom of Christian bishops. The emperor holds a sword, which symbolizes his authority, and soldiers attend him. The woodcut contains six scenes of torture: flames engulf a martyr (upper left); lions devour a naked man (upper center); two workers crucify a man upside-down (upper right) (see "St. Peter undergoes crucifixion upside-down" in this collection); two guards flog a man, who is dressed in loincloth, tied to a stake, and bleeding (right foreground); a torturer stands on and drills out the eye of a bound bishop (center foreground) (see "Martyrs suffer branding and the removal of their eyes" in this collection); and a man kneels, about to be beheaded (center). Beginning with the second edition (1570), this woodcut and the eleven that follow it comprise an appendix to volume one of the work, under the title "The Proud Primacy of Popes." This appendix details the alleged decline of relations between Christian monarchs and the papacy during the medieval period, a decline which Foxe traces from its beginning at the time of the primitive Church. The damage to the OSU copy of this illustration (pictured here) results from a reader having defaced the woodcut that appears on the verso side of the next leaf. The "Proud Primacy" series appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/24. JPEG file (4.72 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Some of these burning martyrs extend their hands before them, and others fold or cross their hands in front of them. The martyrs are clothed. This woodcut appears twice in the second edition (1570) to illustrate the burning of George Catmer, Robert Streater, Anthony Burward, George Brodbridge, and James Tuttye (at Canterbury) (sig. MMMM3v, p. 1884) and Tho. Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thyrtell, Margarete Hyde, and Agnes Stanley (at Smithfield) (sig. NNNNn4r, p. 2161). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/78. JPEG file (3.76 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Some of these burning martyrs extend their hands before them, and others fold or cross their hands in front of them. The martyrs are clothed. This woodcut appears twice in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the burning of George Catmer, Robert Streater, Anthony Burward, George Brodbridge, and James Tuttie (at Canterbury) (sig. HHHH5v, p. 1614) and Thomas Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thirtell, Margaret Hyde, and Agnes Stanley (at Smithfield) (sig. GGGGg6r, p. 1867). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/78. JPEG file (3.76 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Some of these burning martyrs extend their hands before them, and others fold or cross their hands in front of them. The martyrs are clothed. This woodcut appears three times in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate the burning of [George] Catmer, [Robert] Streater, [Anthony] Burward, [George] Brodbridge, and [James] Tuttie (at Canterbury) (sig. NNNN4r, p. 1708); Thomas Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thitell, Margaret Hyde, and Agnes Stankey (at Smithfield) (sig. NNNNn6r, p. 1976); and John Corneford, Christopher Browne, John Herst, Alice Snoth, and Katherine Knight (otherwise called Katherine Tynley) (sig. UUUUu2v [right], p. 2053). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/78. JPEG file (3.76 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Four horses are fastened to four separate harnesses, each of which is connected to the limb of a martyr. The man is dressed in loincloth. Two soldiers whip the horses, which pull the man apart. (Cartouche: "The Christians drawne in peeces with wild horses. 79." ["The Christians drawn in pieces with [i.e., by] wild horses. 79."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (648 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A clothed woman and three clothed men burn at two stakes. The woman folds her hands before her in prayer. One of the men, at the right, faces forward and displays his palm. A second man stands in profile on the left and raises both arms above his head, while a third man, at the rear, raises his left arm. This woodcut appears twice in the second edition (1570) to illustrate the burning of Rafe Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth (at Islington) (sig. SSSSs1r, p. 2215) and John Corneford, Christopher Browne, John Herst, Alyce Snoth, Katherine Knight, and Katherine Tynley (at Canterbury) (sig. XXXXx2r [right], p. 2253). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A clothed woman and three clothed men burn at two stakes. The woman folds her hands before her in prayer. One of the men, at the right, faces forward and displays his palm. A second man stands in profile on the left and raises both arms above his head, while a third man, at the rear, raises his left arm. This woodcut appears twice in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the burning of Rafe Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth (at Islington) (sig. LLLLl4v, p. 1912) and John Corneford, Christopher Browne, John Herst, Alyce Snoth, and Katherine Knight (otherwise called Katherine Tynley) (at Canterbury) (sig. OOOOo3v [right], p. 1946). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A clothed woman and three clothed men burn at two stakes. The woman folds her hands before her in prayer. One of the men, at the right, faces forward and displays his palm. A second man stands in profile on the left and raises both arms above his head, while a third man, at the rear, raises his left arm. This woodcut appears twice in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate the burning of Rafe Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth (at Islington) (sig. RRRRr3v, p. 2019) and John Cooke, Rob. Myles alias Plummer, Alexander Lane, and James Ashley (at St. Edmundsbury) (sig. TTTTt5v [right], p. 2047). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and Four martyrs sit back to back in a vat of hot oil, two of them gazing upward in prayer. A soldier pours a ladle of heated oil over the martyrs, and a second soldier pumps a bellows beneath the vat. A turbaned emperor speaks to a richly dressed man at his left, while a group of soldiers and others observes (one of whom gazes upward). (Cartouche: "Christians put in a vessellofboylyngoyle. 36." ["Christians put in a vessel of boiling oil. 36."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (1.32 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A jailor lurks in the shadows of this prison scene, behind an open door. Four martyrs sit in stocks. The prisoners are "T. Leyes" [T[homas] Leyes]; "Androws" ["Andrews"]; "Ri. Smith." ["Ri[chard] Smith"]; and "Tho. King." ["Tho[mas] King"]. The identities of these martyrs caused Foxe a considerable amount of confusion. In the Rerum (1559), a note indicates that "Richard Smith" and George "Bing" died in Lollards' Tower in September 1555 (p. 525). (A digital image of the title page of this book, one of two Latin precursors to the Book of Martyrs, is available in this collection.) "Bing" becomes "King" in the 1563 edition, but Leyes, also named in 1563, perished in Newgate prison rather than in Lollards' Tower. Foxe amends these names in the 1570 edition to George King, Thomas Leyes, and John Wade, who all died in Lollards' Tower. It is likely that Foxe derived his information from oral sources, although it remains unclear whether the prisoners were held at Lollards' Tower at Lambeth or at the prison of the same name in St. Paul's Cathedral. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/36, 11223/77. JPEG file (1.03 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Friars forcibly remove Bilney from his pulpit outside Saint George's Church in Ipswich ("Friers pulling Bilney out of the pulpit." ["Friars pulling Bilney out of the pulpit"]; "Saint Georges churche in Ipswich." ["Saint George's church in Ipswich"]). The congregation of men, women, and children sits and stands nearby. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/14, 11223/43. JPEG file (1 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: In this illustration of the succession of Saxon kings from King Egbert to King Edward the Confessor, crown-topped orbs contain the name of each king, except for the two orbs that contain no crowns and the name of a non-ruling descendent. Each orb also contains the length of the respective king's reign. With the exception of King Athelwulf, the image does not present the wives of the kings. It also recognizes neither the birth order of descending kings nor the presence of Danish kings, who ruled England for a portion of the period covered by the diagram. (Foxe's text does address these reigns.) This woodcut appears in the fourth edition (1583). No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (2.1 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Engulfed in flames, Marsh burns at the stake beneath a barrel of dripping, heated tar. A soldier, partially obscured from view, stands at the right of the image. Marsh is barefoot and fully clothed. The martyrdom occurs at Chester. This woodcut appears the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/66. JPEG file (3.9 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: An executioner stands at the body and severed head of George Scherrer and gestures to a crowd of onlookers. The arms and legs of Scherrer's corpse are crossed, and his trunk bleeds at the neck. A cluster of buildings is visible in the distance. According to Foxe, Scherrer had predicted that a miraculous sign would accompany his execution as a testimony to the truth of his Protestant belief. Foxe interprets the crossing of Scherrer's limbs after his beheading as the fulfillment of this prophecy. The woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/40. JPEG file (3.88 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Bound and clothed, Wisehart hangs suspended over a fire. Chains and rope hold him to a gallows at both the waist and neck. The martyrdom occurs at St. Andrews, Scotland. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/55. JPEG file (3.53 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: The pope sits enthroned in a cathedral on a raised dais, surrounded by friars, cardinals, and bishops. Clergy and others stand below. All look upward in alarm at an oversized owl perched in the rafters, and some attempt to remove it. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/9. JPEG file (4.4 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Girolamo Savonarola, the zealous Dominican friar and Italian proto-reformer, and two others hang barefoot from a gallows. The martyrs are suspended from the neck by ropes and from the waist by chains. A fire burns beneath them. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/21. JPEG file (3.62 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Henry IV, King of Germany and future Holy Roman Emperor, awaits Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand) before the closed gates of Canosa in January 1077. He stands barefoot with his wife and son who also stand barefoot. Clerics and monks mock the king from above, while Gregory dallies with a woman. This woodcut appears once in the first edition (1563), as a paste-in, but twice in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Its second use in those editions forms the sixth illustration in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" woodcut series, which functions as an appendix to volume one of the work from the second edition onward. Luborsky and Ingram 11222/1, 11223/1. JPEG file (4.58 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Henry IV, King of Germany and future Holy Roman Emperor, surrenders his crown to Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand), who sits enthroned. Henry's wife and son kneel beside him, and cardinals and bishops observe with approval. The pope carries the keys of his office in his right hand. The events in this image occur immediately following those illustrated by "Henry IV awaits the pope outside Canosa" in this collection. This woodcut is the seventh in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" series and appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/29. JPEG file (4.42 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: This table describes the relationship between the length of the day and the position of the sun. Data appear for the months of July through December, reflecting a movement from longer to shorter days. The table is printed in red and black and appears only in the first edition (1563). No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (842 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: An emperor kneels and kisses the pope's right foot, while cardinals, clerics, a monk, and others observe. The pope carries the keys of his office in his right hand. In an insert at the pope's right, a jester kneels and points upward at the pope with one hand and downward at a chained monkey with the other. The damage to the OSU copy of this illustration (pictured here) results from a reader having defaced the woodcut in an apparent act of censorship. The image is the fourth in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" series and appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/27. JPEG file (4.49 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: This full-page woodcut insert depicts the execution of Hugh Latimer, the former Bishop of Worcester, and Nicholas Ridley, the Edwardian Bishop of London. Richard Smith ("Smith.") preaches at a portable pulpit from I Corinthians 13:3 ("Si corp[us] meu[m] tradam igni caritate[m] aute[m] non habea[m] nihil vtilitatis &c." ["If I should surrender my body to the fire and have not charity, however, nothing of usefulness, etc"]). "Ridley" ("In man[us] tuas domine" [In your hand, O Lord]) and "Latimer" ("Father of heue[n] receue my soule" ["Father of heaven, receive my soul"]) stand back to back, chained against a stake, while workers prepare to light the pyre that will consume them. Latimer gestures toward a large crowd of civilians, who are restrained by soldiers, and Ridley motions toward the priest who stands before him and the richly dressed individuals who are seated beyond. One of these ("L. Willia[m]s." ["L[ord] Williams"]) reads from a scroll ("M. Ridley I wil remember your suite." ["M[aster] Ridley, I will remember your suit"]), while others, including Thomas Cranmer, the recently deprived Archbishop of Canterbury ("Cranmar.") ("O Lord strengthen them"), watch from above. The execution occurs outside Oxford. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/38, 11223/81. JPEG file (2.57 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Latimer ("M. Latimer." ["Master Latimer"]) preaches from a large open-air pulpit, which has been erected in the Privy Garden at Whitehall Palace. Among his audience is King Edward VI ("K. Edward." ["King Edward"]), who listens, with three others, from indoors at a window at the left of the image. The woman who reads an open Bible at Latimer's feet may allude to Catherine Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk, who funded the activities of Latimer and other English Protestant evangelicals during Edward's reign. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583), but John Day first uses it in his edition of Latimer's 27 sermons (London: John Day, 1562). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/37, 11223/80, 15276/1. JPEG file (1.01 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: As Laverocke and Apprice burn, the blind Apprice holds his hands out before him, and the lame Laverocke grasps a crutch in each hand. Both martyrs are clothed. The martyrdom occurs at Stratford the Bowe near London. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/90. JPEG file (3.82 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Jerome (Girolamo Savonarola, an Italian monk) and his two companions, barefoot and wearing long robes, hang chained to the gallows and are engulfed in flames. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/21, which appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (461 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Edmund Tyrell burns Rose Allin’s hand as she carries a pitcher of water for her mother. Tyrell is very finely dressed and is observed by three soldiers who stand by. Allin’s mother, who is lying in bed ill, is pictured at the far right of the image. A man kneels outside the mother’s door and has his hands clasped in prayer. At the top of the image there appears to be an image of three people burning at the stake, and according to the text, this is a representation of the burning of Rose Allin and her parents. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/52 and 11223/99, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). In the earlier woodcut editions, however, only two soldiers observe. JPEG file (489 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Four men and three women--John Fishcocke, Nicolas Whyte, Nicolas Pardue, Barbara Fynal widow, Wilson’s wife, and Alice Benden--are chained to three stakes and are engulfed by large flames. All seven martyrs are fully clothed. The three men are all chained to the stake at the far left of the image. The four women are chained to two separate stakes and one of them has her arms extended above her head. A crowd of soldiers, gathers below the burning martyrs, some of whom are on horseback, two soldiers tend the fire and faggots. The martyrdom takes place at Canterbury. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/96, which appears twice in the second (1570) early English edition. JPEG file (1.21 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thirteen martyrs burn at Stratford the Bowe, near London. As the caption indicates, only eleven of the martyrs are actually chained to the stake while two of the women enter the fire untied. The martyrs are tied to three separate stakes and are either clasping their hands in prayer or are extending their arms outward toward the crowd below them. A large crowd of both civilians and soldiers surrounds the martyrdom. The crowd appears to be rowdy and sympathetic to the martyrs as a soldier on horseback attempts to control the crowd and keep them at bay. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram11222/45 and 11223/92, which appearin all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (521 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A large, dark cloud of smoke hovers over Kerby, who is chained to the stake and surrounded by a large fire. Kerby has both arms extended upward with the palms of his hands facing up. A large crowd of soldiers on foot and on horseback surround him. In earlier editions, the martyrdom of Kerby was represented by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/18, which appears in the second (1570), third (1576) and fourth (1583) early English editions. This is a completely new design to depict Kerby's martyrdom. JPEG file (443 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: George Wisehart, hands tied behind his back, hangs from the gallows by rope from his neck and by chain from his waist in St. Andrews, Scotland. Beneath his feet are a burning flame and bundles of wood. A moderate sized crowd surrounds Wisehart to watch him burn. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/55, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (482 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The order and manner of the burning of the constant Martyr of Christ, John Lambert.” John Lambert, naked and chained to a stake, stands with both arms outstretched upward and says "None but Christ, none but Christ." Men from either side of Lambert poke the fire while a richly dressed man sits and watches on horseback and a crowd of clergy and soldiers stand nearby. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/19 and 11223/50, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (460 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Three separate scenes portray selected events of the Reformation under Edward VI and the elimination of Roman Catholic traditions; in the first one, "The temple purged," men are carrying various Roman Catholic icons out of the temple to a burning pile, labeled "Burning of Images." The scene in the lower left-hand corner of the image depicts Edward VI (Ed 6) on his throne presenting a Bible to various prelates that surround him. In the final scene, appearing in the bottom right-hand corner of the image, a preacher is delivering a sermon to a congregation and stands next to a Communion table, labeled "The Communion Table." Heavily revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/57, which first appears in the second (1570) early English edition and continues into the third (1576) and fourth (1583) editions. JPEG file (321 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The manner of burning Anne Askew, Iohn [John] Lacels, Iohn [John] Adams, & Nicolas Beleman, with certane [certain] of y [the] counsel [council] sitting in Smithfield.” This aerial view of Smithfield shows the martyrs tied to the stake. All four have their hands clasped in prayer while soldiers are carrying bundles of wood and placing them around the feet of the four martyrs. A large crowd encircles the arena surrounding the martyrs and soldiers on foot and horseback stand outside of the large circle. Several buildings are in the background with onlookers peering through the windows. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/21 and 11223/54, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (421 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Laurence Saunders, fully clothed with hands clasped as in prayer, is tied to the stake at Coventry. Saunders is facing the left of the image. The executioner nails the chain to the stake while Saunders proclaims: “Welcome life." He is surrounded by a rowdy crowd of soldiers and civilians, a few of whom appear to be arguing with each other at the right hand side of the image. A richly dressed man in a fur-lined coat sits atop a horse and appears to be supervising the burning. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/24 and 11223/60, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583); in the woodcut illustrations, Saunders is facing the right of the image and, in the OSU Libraries’ copy, the banderole from his mouth says: “"o lord resi[e]ve my soule [O lord receive my soul]." JPEG file (35.1 KB) -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The patient Martyrdome of a poore woman at Exeter, being one Prests wife." A woman, identified as Prest’s wife (“God be Mercifull [Merciful] to me a Sinner”) stands fully clothed and chained to the stake. She has her arms raised as if she is gesturing while speaking to the crowd that surrounds her. A crowd of soldiers observes. Heavily revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/103, which appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (534 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Alexander [Sander] Gouch and Driver’s wife [Alice Driver] stand naked and chained back-to-back while they burn at the stake. Driver’s wife faces the left of the image and has her arms extended to the crowd before her. Alexander Gouch faces the right of the image and has his left hand raised and his pointer finger extended and his right arm extended toward the soldier before him. A crowd of soldiers observes. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/49 and 11223/98, which appear in the first (1563), second (1570), and fourth (1576) early English editions. JPEG file (529 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The burning of Richard Yeoman Minister at Norwich 1558 July 10." Richard Yeoman, arms extended toward the crowd that surrounds him, stands fully clothed, bearded and chained burning at the stake. A crowd of soldiers observes. In earlier versions this martyrdom is represented by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/19 and 12000/1, which appear multiple times in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. It appears here as a completely new design. JPEG file (525 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: The martyrdom of three women and an infant at the Isle of Garnsey. The caption of the image indicates that this martyrdom took place on July 18th, 1556. All three women are naked and chained to the stake while an infant emerges from the womb of the woman in the middle. All three women have their arms outstretched and are engulfed by the flames beneath them. They are surrounded by a group of soldiers, several of whom tend to the fire. According the text that surrounds the image, the infant initially was thrown out of the fire only to be cast back in once it hit the ground. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/46 and 11223/93, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (503 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thomas Wats, fully clothed and with his hands clasped in prayer, stands chained at the waist to a stake. He is engulfed by flames and a black cloud hovers above him. A woman and several children, tears streaming down their faces, plead for his life. Wats is surrounded by a large crowd of soldiers; a civilian man is arguing with a soldier. In earlier editions, this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/14, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. This illustration is a completely new design with some elements similar to Luborsky and Ingram 11223/64. JPEG file (439 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Bradford (“Bradford”), holding a book in his hand, is watched closely by the jailer (“Iailor”) as he talks with three Spanish friars. The one closest to Bradford (“Alphonsus”) is speaking as the men behind him (“Confessor” and one un-named man) listen. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/33 and 11223/71 which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (469 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Bradford ["Repent England]" and an apprentice, John Lease ("Jesus receive us)," stand chained to a stake in the midst of a large fire while a black cloud of smoke hovers above them. A crowd of soldiers, a few of whom tend the fire, surround them. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/34 and 11223/72, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (431 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Four martyrs-- John Bland, John Frankesh, Nicholas Sheterden, and Humfrey Middleton--are chained to two stakes. All four are fully clothed. A group of soldiers surrounds the burning martyrs and several soldiers tend the fire in the foreground of the image. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/37, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. This version is illustrated by a completely new design. JPEG file (369 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The Death & Martyrdom of Damlip.” Adam Damlip, clothed only in a loincloth, lies on ground after being cut down from hanging by the neck on the gallows above; the rope is still around his neck. His bowels are ripped out by the hands of the executioner, whose axe lies on the ground by Damlip beside a small fire. A man on horseback appears to be the supervisor for the execution; a large crowd observes from behind. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/53, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (398 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Robert Barnes, Thomas Garret, and William Jerome in Smithfield, a district of London which was the scene of over 200 martyrdoms during the reign of Mary I, are chained together to the stake; high flames and large dark clouds of smoke surround them. A few soldiers surround the men and two of them stoke the fire. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/20 and 11223/52, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). However, in the earlier editions, a large and alarmed crowd is present whereas in the 1684 edition, only a few soldiers stand by. JPEG file (443 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thomas Man, bald and with a long beard, stands fully clothed chained to the stake. His head is bowed and his hands are clasped in prayer. He is the only figure in the image and is surrounded by flames and clouds of smoke. In earlier editions, the burning of Thomas Man only appears in the third early English edition (1576) and is represented by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/14, which is the same woodcut used to represent various other martyrdoms and includes other people in the scene. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/19. JPEG file (289 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The description of the horrible Burning of Iohn [John] Badby, and how he was used at his death." Badby pleads, "Mercy Lord Iesus [Jesus] Christ mercy" (in earlier editions he says, "Lord Iesus [Jesus] Christ helpe [help] me"), as he is boiled in a barrel while workers stoke the fire beneath him. According to Foxe’s text surrounding this image, a procession of the Sacrament of God’s Body, preceded by men with torches and led by the Prior of St. Bartholomew in Smithfield, passes by the scene, while others, including a prince (the king’s eldest son) and a bishop, look on. Several buildings are present in the background which do not appear in earlier editions. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/6 and 11223/6, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (455 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Christopher Shoomaker, an elderly bearded man, stands chained to the stake, fully clothed and with hands clasped and his face turned upward. His lips appear to be open and he may be speaking, perhaps to the soldier in front of him who is gesturing with his hand. He is surrounded by a crowd of civilians and soldiers. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/18 and appears only in the second (1570) and third early English editions (1576) to depict the burning of Christopher Shoomaker. This engraving, however, is an entirely new design based on Luborsky and Ingram 11223/19 and 11223/39 but is different from the design of "The burning of Babram." JPEG file (446 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The description of ye [the] poysoning [poisoning] of King Iohn [John] by a Monke of Swinsted Abby [Swinstead Abbey] in Lincolne Shiere [Lincolnshire]." Six scenes tell the story: upper left -- "The Monke absolved to poyson [poison] King John. Ego absolvo te & c [I absolve you];" upper right -- "The Monke tempereth [tempers] his poyson [poison] into a Cup to give ye [the] King;" middle left--“The Monke presenteth King John with his cup of poyson [poison] begining [beginning] himselfse [himself] to ye [the] King" as he says, “Wassail my liege;" middle right-- "King John lieth here dead of poyson [poison];" lower left-- "The Monke lieth here dead of ye [the] poyson [poison] that he dranke to ye [the] King;" lower right--"A perpetuall Masse [mass] sung daily in Swinsted [Swinstead] for ye [the] Monke that Poysoned [poisoned] King John." The single-page insert is tipped in vertically with the scenes moving left to right, which differs from the double-page presentation and sequencing of scenes of the woodcut in the early editions. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/3 and 11223/3. JPEG file (1.46 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Pope Alexander III treads on the neck of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. A conversation takes place between them in Latin in which the Pope says: "Super aspidem & basiliscum ambulabis, & conculcabis leonem & draconem [You will walk over the asp and basilisk and trample underfoot the lion and the dragon]". (This statement is derived from Psalm 91:13.) A cartouche in the lower right gives Frederick’s response: "Non tibi, sed Petro [Not to you, but Peter]", and the Pope’s reply: “Et Mihi & Petro" [Both me and Peter]." Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/2 and 11223/2, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). JPEG file (483 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “A description of [the] Lollards Tower, where Mr. Richard Hunne was murthered [murdered].” Richard Hunne (Hun), a merchant-tailor who resided in London, hangs in the corner of the prison cell in Lollards Tower in St. Paul's Cathedral while the three men allegedly responsible for Hunne's death exit. One of the men, who holds the keys to the prison cell, blows out the candle in the cell before he exits. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/12 and 11223/36, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (273 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The order and manner of taking up ye [the] body of John Wycliffe, and burning his bones 41. years after his death." Wycliffe's bones are removed from his coffin by an “officiall [official]"; a “somner [summoner]" and “arch de [archdeacon]" cast the bones into the burning fire; and a “commissari [commissary]" disposes of the ashes into the river while a crowd of people observe. The burning of Wycliffe's bones takes place near Lutterworth and is a revised version of the woodcuts that appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/4, 11223/4. JPEG file (433 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Five martyrs burn at Smithfield: Tho. Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Thomas Thyrtell, Margarete Hyde, and Agnes Stanley. They are chained to two separate stakes; all are fully clothed and have their hands clasped in prayer. They are engulfed by large flames and thick black clouds of smoke hover above them. A group of soldiers surrounds them; the soldier to the left of the image has his right hand extended and appears to be pointing to one of the martyrs. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/78, which only appeared in the second early English edition (1570). It is also the same design used to illustrate "The martyrdom of George Catmer, Robert Streater, Anthony Burward, George Brodbridge, and James Tutty." JPEG file (479 KB), -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The Martyrdome of Thomas Benbridge, Anno 1558 July 19." Thomas Benbridge, fully clothed with arms lifted upward, and chained, burning at the stake. He is bearded and has both hands lifted upward. He gazes down at the crowd of soldiers that surrounds him. One soldier at the bottom right of the image tends the fire. Another soldier who stands at the left of the image appears to be administering the martyrdom. The caption of the image indicates that this martyrdom took place on July 19th of 1558. In earlier editions, this martyrdom is represented by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/16 and appears only in the fourth (1583) early English edition. However, it is a completely new design here. JPEG file (509 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Apprice, who is blind, and the lame Hugh Laverocke are martyred at Stratford the Bowe, near London. Both Apprice and Laverocke are chained to the stake and are surrounded by faggots and flames. Laverocke holds two crutches in his hands while Apprice has his eyes closed and his hands outstretched toward the crowd surrounding them. Both men are fully clothed and are surrounded by a fairly large group of ambivalent soldiers. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/90 and appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (541 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Three women-- Katherine Hut, Elizabeth Thackvel, and Joan Horns, are burned at the stake. All three women are fully clothed and have their hands clasped in prayer. The execution takes place at Smithfield and the women are surrounded by a group of soldiers, several of whom are on horseback. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/91, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (535 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Richard Houeden, fully clothed and with his arms outstretched in supplication, is tied to the stake by a rope around his neck and shoulders and a chain around his waist. Bundles of faggots surround him, but no flame or torches are portrayed. Two men kneel in front of Houeden, one to his left and one to his right, and both men have their arms outstretched toward him. Several onlookers stand nearby. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/18 in which the martyr is illustrated alone and engulfed in flames. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/16; similar revisions of this design are used to depict the burnings of William White and of William Taylor Priest. JPEG file (410 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Babram, head raised to the sky and hands clasped in prayer, is chained to the stake and engulfed in flames. In the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions, this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/18. However, in this edition, the martyrdom is a revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/19 and 11223/39. JPEG file (511 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man, blood streaming down his back, walks past a crowd of onlookers while carrying a taper and being flogged by a man marked "Somner [Summoner]" who walks behind him. Although the engraving is marked as the penance of Thomas Pye and John Mendham, only one penitent is pictured in the illustration and it is therefore unclear who the image represents. This is very similar to the engraving titled "Displing of John Florence," yet is a different revision of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. This martyrdom is represented by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/17 in the second edition (1570) and by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15 in the third and fourth English editions (1576, 1583). JPEG file (455 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: William White, a priest and Lollard heretic, is clothed and, with his arms outstretched to the left, stands chained to a stake which is surrounded by bundles of faggots. Four kneeling men have their arms reaching toward him, perhaps in supplication or in praise. Soldiers stand nearby with weapons. This is very similar to the engraving used to depict the martyrdom of William Tailor [Taylor], yet it is a different revision of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/16. JPEG file (494 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: One woman and three men-- Rafe [Ralph] Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth--are chained and burning at two stakes. All four martyrs are fully clothed. Two of the martyrs have their hands clasped in prayer. A crowd of soldiers, some of whom are on horseback, observes. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100, which appears twice in the second (1570) early English edition. The 1570 woodcut does not include a crowd of soldiers. JPEG file (1.16 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "A most exact Table of the first ten Persecutions of the Primitiue [Primitive] Church vnder the Heathen Tyrants of Rome," followed in smaller type by: "continuing the space of allmost [almost] three hundred years after Christ from ye time of Tiberius unto Constantius Emperors of the said Empire with the sundry kinds of torments devised against the Christians and executed upon them.” This tipped-in insert illustrates thirty-four scenes of torture of early Christians under the Roman empire. Headings for the scenes with page number on which the scene is described include (from left to right) : "Christians brains beaten out with Maulls 49; Hanged by the middle 87; Tormented with trees 87; Their hands and feet cut off 37; Forced to thrust their hands in the fyre [fire] 85; Stoned to death 42; Torso on bull hornes 53; Hang’d by the neck and heels 87; Cast to swine to be devoured 109; Scraped with shells 87; Stab’d with forks 38; Thrust through with swords 87; Marturns and Sanctus burned with an iron chaire 52; Hanging by one hand and stretching out their joints 88; Their bones broken with batts [bats] 65; Searing of womens breasts 69; Some burnt with their entralls torne out 46; Christians left hamms Seared 89; Christians roasted pouring vinegar and salt on their members 86; Christians torne in pieces with wild horses 65; Christians burnt in furnace 42; Christians beaten with cudgels for not worshipping 105; St. Peter hang’d on the cross 38; Here they are flead [flayed] alive 38; Here their tongues are cut out 138; Christians most cruelly thrust through 50; Christians right eyes being burned out 92; Christians drag’d through the streets 109; Christians thrust under the nailes [nails] with sharp tacks 88; With an Engyne [engine] they are beheaded 88; Christians burned in their temple men, women and children 87; St. Lawrence ("This side is now roasted, turne me O tyrant great") laid on the gridiron 79; Christians driven up the mountain and thrown down on sharp tacks 45; Christians put in vessel to boil 39." The text at the bottom of the page details Foxe's interpretation of the Book of Revelations: "The 42 Monthes in the Revelation of St. John Expounded." This image is significantly redesigned and reduced in scope from the similar woodcut (Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A) which appeared in the first (1570) and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (1.62 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The Martyrdom of Henry Pond [Ponde], Rainold [Raynold] Eastland, Ro[bert] Southam, Mat.[thew] Ricarby, Ioh. [John] Floyd, Io. [John] Holiday, and Ro[ger] Holland, in Smithfield An. 1558 Iu [June] 27." Seven men stand fully clothed and chained to three separate stakes. Five of them have their arms pulled into their chest while the other two have their arms extended either upward or toward the crowd that surrounds them. A crowd of soldiers observes. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/75, which appears multiple times in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. This version, however, differs from the version used to represent “The martyrdom of W. Waterer, Steph. Kemp, W. Haye, T. Hudson, W. Lowick, and W. Prowting,” and “The burning of M. Coker, W. Hopper, Hen. Laurence, Rich. Colliar, Rich. Wright, and Wil. Stere.” JPEG file (527 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Henry Voes [Voz] and John Esch, two Augustinian friars, stand side-by-side, each with an arm draped around the other and chained to the stake. Both men have long beards and appear to be wearing loose robes. Each man has his outermost arm outstretched toward the sky and they are surrounded by a group of soldiers; the soldier to the left of the men stokes the fire. In earlier editions, the martyrdom of these two men is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/37 and only appears in the third early English edition (1576). Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/79 (which differs from the revision represented by "The burning of James Mordon and Thomas Bernard" and "The burning of John Claidon and Richard Turming"). JPEG file (457 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Doctor Rowland Taylor, clothed in a robe and with hands raised and outstretched as in blessing, is burned at the stake at Hadley “for Testimony of the Gospell [Gospel]” on February 9, 1555. As flames engulf him and a dark cloud of smoke hovers above him, he says, “Mercifull [Merciful] father for Iesus [Jesus] sake receive my soule [soul].” A crowd of soldiers and civilians observes—some on foot and others on horseback. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/26 and 11223/62, which appear in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). JPEG file (357 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "A TABLE of the Saxon Kings, which ruled alone from King Egbert unto William Conqueror." This genealogical diagram illustrates the succession of Saxon kings from King Egbert to King Edward the Confessor. Crown-topped orbs indicate the length of the reign of each king; the orb for King Ethelwulfus also includes the name of his wife Osburga. The diagram first appeared in the 1583 early English edition. No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (394 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Foxe lists the names and death dates of Protestant and proto-Protestant martyrs for the months of November and December. JPEG file (1.17 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The burning of Master John Rogers, Vicar of St. Purchers, and Reader of St. Paul’s in London.” Rogers, fully clothed and with hands raised to the sky, stands chained to the stake amidst an extremely large fire and dark clouds of smoke. A banderole protruding from his mouth contains the statement: "Lord receive my Spirit." Rogers is surrounded by a crowd of soldiers and civilians both on foot and on horseback. Five people in the foreground of the image kneel before Rogers with their arms outstretched in sympathy. The officer on horseback on the right side of the illustration appears to be supervising Rogers’ burning. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/23 and 11223/59, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (379 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thomas Bilney rests his left hand on an open book, presumably the Bible, that is on the table in front of him and puts a finger of his right hand in the flame of a long candle, possibly to prepare himself for martyrdom the next day. He is surrounded by a group of soldiers and the scene appears to be taking place in a prison. Heavily revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/15 and 11223/44 in which Bilney is burning his finger alone in his cell and not in the presence of soldiers as in this 1684 engraving. The earlier woodcut appears in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (429 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Title page for an added section in this edition: “A CONTINUATION of the HISTORIES of Forreign [Foreign] Martyrs: From the happy Reign of the most Renowned QUEEN ELIZABETH, TO THESE TIMES With sundry RELATIONS of those Bloody MASSACRES executed upon the PROTESTANTS in the Cities of FRANCE, in the Year 1572. Whereunto are annexed the two famous Deliverances of our English Nation: The one from the Spanish Invasion in 1588. The other from the Gunpowder Treason, in the year 1605. Together with the Barbarous Cruelties exercised upon the PROFESSORS of the GOSPEL in the Valtoline, 1621. LONDON. Printed by W.R. and S.R. for the Company of Stationers. MDCLXXXIV.” JPEG file (312 KB).
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