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Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Twenty-two Protestant martyrs wait for death. These Protestants are roped together and led from Colchester (Essex) to London for interrogation by Bishop Bonner. The group is led and followed by officials on horseback and also accompanied by another official on foot. The engraving includes scripture at the top of the image that reads "Ye shall be led before Princes and Rulers for my Names Sake. Matthew 10." Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/48 and 11223/95, which appear in all four early English editions (1563. 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (471 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: The burning of three "godly saints," including Julins Palmer, I. Gwin, and Thomas Askine. The three men stand tied together and are fully clothed. The martyr to the farthest right has his arms outstretched while the other two have their arms pulled close to their bodies and their hands clasped in prayer. The three martyrs are surrounded by large flames and large clouds of black smoke hover above their heads. The men are surrounded by a group of soldiers, several of whom attend to the fire and faggots. In earlier editions, this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/37. This engraving, however, appears as a new design. JPEG file (521 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The description of Dr. Cranmer, how he was plucked down from the stage, by Friars and Papists, for the true Confessions of his faith.” While Doctor Henry Cole ("D. Cole.") preaches from a pulpit, Cranmer (“Dr. Cranmer”) is pulled down from the stage by friars and clerics and arrested for the true confession of his faith. A congregation and a group of clerics observe Cranmer's arrest. The event occurs at the University Church of St. Mary, in Oxford. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/43 and 11223/87, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (515 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “Seven Godly and constant Martyrs, suffering at one fire together in Smithfield.” Encircled by bundles of faggots, the seven martyrs, including at least one woman, stand back-to-back and chained to three stakes. Each of the martyrs is fully clothed and is identified as (from the top, clockwise): “B. Green,” "Whittle," "Went," "Isab," "Foster," "I. Warne," and "T. Brown.” A richly dressed man sits atop a horse at the right of the image and appears to be administering the execution. A group of observers consisting of both soldiers and civilians surrounds the pyre. Unlike earlier woodcut editions of this illustration, the names of the martyrs are included. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/42 and 11223/85, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (541 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Four prisoners sit in stocks in a prison cell in Lollards Tower. The prisoner farthest left in the image, identified as "George King," sits on a stool with both of his hands and feet in the stocks. The man directly to King's right is standing with only his hands in the stocks and is identified as "Iohn [John] Wade." The man directly to Wade's right, "I. [J.] Leyes," is standing with one foot in the stocks and one hand in the stocks and the other hand raised to his head. There is also another shadowy figure, possibly the jailer, that appears directly behind Leyes. "Andrew" lies on the ground with his feet in the stocks; it is unclear whether he is alive or dead. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/36 and 11223/77, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (471 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Margery Polley, fully clothed with hands upraised and tears streaming down her face, stands chained to the stake at Tonbridge. While the flames engulf her and a large black cloud of smoke hovers above her, a crowd of soldiers surrounds her and watches her burn. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/73 which appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. In the earlier woodcut editions, Polley's arms are folded across her chest rather than extended upward. JPEG file (52.7 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thomas Haukes, bare-chested and with arms raised above his head (possibly grasping the stake or clasped together in prayer), burns at the stake at Coxehall in Essex. As he is engulfed in flames he cries "Lord receive my Spirit." He is surrounded by a rowdy crowd of soldiers on foot and on horseback. A black cloud hovers above Haukes. The caption of the image indicates that this martyrdom took place on June 10th, 1555. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/31 and 11223/69, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (412 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Rawlins White, fully clothed with a cloth tied around his head, hands upraised, and with a chain across his chest, stands amidst a large fire while a dark cloud hovers above him. To the large crowd gathered to watch, or perhaps to a monk standing on a platform in the front of the crowd, he says: “Ah thou Naughty Hypocrite." In the foreground of the picture several men plead for White’s life with arms outstretched. This is a completely new design based very loosely on Luborsky and Ingram 11223/38 but differing from the martyrdoms illustrated by "The burning of Richard Ffeurus," "The burning of James Bainham," "The burning of Thomas Bilney," "The burning of Adam Wallace," and "The burning of Doctor Farrar." JPEG file (382 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Three separate scenes portray selected events of the Reformation under Edward VI and the elimination of Roman Catholic traditions; in the first one, "The temple purged," men are carrying various Roman Catholic icons out of the temple to a burning pile, labeled "Burning of Images." The scene in the lower left-hand corner of the image depicts Edward VI (Ed 6) on his throne presenting a Bible to various prelates that surround him. In the final scene, appearing in the bottom right-hand corner of the image, a preacher is delivering a sermon to a congregation and stands next to a Communion table, labeled "The Communion Table." Heavily revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/57, which first appears in the second (1570) early English edition and continues into the third (1576) and fourth (1583) editions. JPEG file (321 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Doctor Rowland Taylor, clothed in a robe and with hands raised and outstretched as in blessing, is burned at the stake at Hadley “for Testimony of the Gospell [Gospel]” on February 9, 1555. As flames engulf him and a dark cloud of smoke hovers above him, he says, “Mercifull [Merciful] father for Iesus [Jesus] sake receive my soule [soul].” A crowd of soldiers and civilians observes—some on foot and others on horseback. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/26 and 11223/62, which appear in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). JPEG file (357 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: George Wisehart, hands tied behind his back, hangs from the gallows by rope from his neck and by chain from his waist in St. Andrews, Scotland. Beneath his feet are a burning flame and bundles of wood. A moderate sized crowd surrounds Wisehart to watch him burn. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/55, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (482 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The manner of burning Anne Askew, Iohn [John] Lacels, Iohn [John] Adams, & Nicolas Beleman, with certane [certain] of y [the] counsel [council] sitting in Smithfield.” This aerial view of Smithfield shows the martyrs tied to the stake. All four have their hands clasped in prayer while soldiers are carrying bundles of wood and placing them around the feet of the four martyrs. A large crowd encircles the arena surrounding the martyrs and soldiers on foot and horseback stand outside of the large circle. Several buildings are in the background with onlookers peering through the windows. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/21 and 11223/54, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (421 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Laurence Saunders, fully clothed with hands clasped as in prayer, is tied to the stake at Coventry. Saunders is facing the left of the image. The executioner nails the chain to the stake while Saunders proclaims: “Welcome life." He is surrounded by a rowdy crowd of soldiers and civilians, a few of whom appear to be arguing with each other at the right hand side of the image. A richly dressed man in a fur-lined coat sits atop a horse and appears to be supervising the burning. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/24 and 11223/60, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583); in the woodcut illustrations, Saunders is facing the right of the image and, in the OSU Libraries’ copy, the banderole from his mouth says: “"o lord resi[e]ve my soule [O lord receive my soul]." JPEG file (35.1 KB) -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: This tipped-in fold-out illustrates five separate scenes that took place at Windsor Castle. A cartouche spanning the top of the foldout states: "The description of Windsor Castle. The condemning of Anthony Person, Marbecke, Testwood, and Filmer; with y [the] burning of the said Person Testwood, and Filmer, under the Castle of Windsor, here lively described. Marbecke saved by the Kings [King's] Pardon." Images of the Royal Arms flank this title and above it is a directive to the printer to “Place this between Fol. 468 and 469 in the 2d Volume.” Below the heading is a panoramic view of the castle itself which includes a scene in the far left in which a boy sits in a tree and observes the burning of three men. A scene in the lower left-hand corner has the heading: "Anthony Person, Marbecke, Testwood and Filmer, condemned by Doctor Capon, Bishop of Sarnum: Facel giving judgment." The heading for the scene in the lower center states: "D. London and Simons riding about the Market place with papers on their heads, for perjury, and secret practising [practicing] against certaine [certain] of the privy Chamber." And in the lower right-hand scene: "Robert Ockam standing in the Pillory in the Towne of Newberry, where he was borne for the licke offence [like offense]." Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11224/4, which appears in the third (1576) and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (1.54 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A single man, known as “Peake,” is chained to the stake at Ipswich. Fully clothed, he extends his arms out toward the crowd that is gathered beneath him. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/18, which appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/14, but differs from the revision used to illustrate "The burning of John Castellane." JPEG file (435 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “Robert King, Robert Debnam, and Nicholas Marsh hanged for taking downe the Rood of Dovercourt.” These three men hang by the chest from separate gallows while a crowd of onlookers, mostly soldiers, stand behind them and three men, including a man of the church, stand is front of them. The destroyed rood and crucifix also burn in a fire in the lower left-hand corner of the image. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/16 and 11223/46, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (469 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Bent, who stands bare-chested with hands raised as in prayer, stands chained to the stake while flames and smoke surround him. Bent is surrounded by a group of soldiers; one soldier, in the bottom left-hand corner of the image, stokes the fire beneath Bent's feet. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/39, which appears in the second, third, and fourth early English editions (1570, 1576, 1583) to illustrate various martyrdoms, but in the third edition (1576) it is only used to represent the martyrdom of John Bent. JPEG file (464 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Giles Tilleman, clothed in a robe with hands clasped in prayer and arms extended upward, stands chained to the stake and engulfed in flames and smoke. He is surrounded by a crowd of soldiers and one man stokes the fire. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/18, which is used in earlier English editions, though not specifically dedicated to Giles Tilleman. JPEG file (457 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Richard Ffeurus, fully clothed with arms extended and upward as though in blessing, stands chained to the stake while flames and smoke engulf him. He is surrounded by a crowd of civilians and soldiers. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/14 and appears only in the fourth early English edition (1583) to specifically depict the burning of Ffeurus. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/38. JPEG file (449 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: William Sweeting and James Brewster stand back to back, bare-chested, with hands clasped and outstretched in prayer, and chained to the stake, while flames engulf their feet. They are surrounded by a crowd of civilians and soldiers. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/12 and appears only in the second early English edition (1570). However, in this edition the martyrdom is a revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/37. JPEG file (453 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Stillman, fully clothed and chained by the waist and neck to the stake, stands with hands clasped and outstretched toward the sky. Two men kneel in the front of the scene with their arms outstretched in supplication. Other men, who appear to be soldiers, stand in the background of the image. Stillman's martyrdom is also depicted in the second early English edition (1570) with Luborsky and Ingram 11223/19, which is used nine times in the second edition to represent the martyrdom of nine different men. However, in this edition, Stillman's martyrdom is a revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/16. JPEG file (291 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: The SECOND VOLUME OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY: CONTAINING THE Acts and Monuments of MARTYRS: WITH A General Discourse of the later Persecutions, horrible Troubles and Tumults, stirred up by ROMISH PRELATES in the CHURCH WITH Divers other Things incident to this Realm of ENGLAND and SCOTLAND. Recognized and Enlarged by the Author Mr. John Fox. London: Printed for the Company of Stationers, MDCLXXXIV. Printed; original illustrated title page border not available. JPEG file (287 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A barebacked man, blood streaming down his back, walks past a crowd of onlookers while carrying a taper and being flogged by a man marked "Somner [Summoner]" who walks behind him. Although the engraving is marked as the penance of Thomas Pye and John Mendham, only one penitent is pictured in the illustration and it is therefore unclear who the image represents. This is very similar to the engraving titled "Displing of John Florence," yet is a different revision of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15. This martyrdom is represented by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/17 in the second edition (1570) and by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/15 in the third and fourth English editions (1576, 1583). JPEG file (455 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: William White, a priest and Lollard heretic, is clothed and, with his arms outstretched to the left, stands chained to a stake which is surrounded by bundles of faggots. Four kneeling men have their arms reaching toward him, perhaps in supplication or in praise. Soldiers stand nearby with weapons. This is very similar to the engraving used to depict the martyrdom of William Tailor [Taylor], yet it is a different revision of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/16. JPEG file (494 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The description of the cruell [cruel] Martyrdome [Martyrdom] of Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham.” Oldcastle hangs chained from the gallows over an open fire in the Tower of London. He is partially naked and is surrounded by soldiers and civilians. One man holds a whip and others prod the fire. This engraving is a revised version of the woodcut that appears in all early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/10, 11223/13. JPEG file (418 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: William Sawtre, a priest, is fully-clothed and with arms outstretched and chained to a stake. Two men stoke the fire surrounding him. The crowd looking on includes a man on horseback, a man clothed in ecclesiastical garb, many soldiers, other men, and at least one woman. This image may be a redesign of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/5 and 11223/5, which portray an unnamed martyr alone chained to a post amidst flames, saying “Jesu haue mercy [Jesus have mercy]." JPEG file (469 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "A TABLE of the Saxon Kings, which ruled alone from King Egbert unto William Conqueror." This genealogical diagram illustrates the succession of Saxon kings from King Egbert to King Edward the Confessor. Crown-topped orbs indicate the length of the reign of each king; the orb for King Ethelwulfus also includes the name of his wife Osburga. The diagram first appeared in the 1583 early English edition. No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (394 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "Heptarchia Anglia Saxonica: Or, A Description of England, as it was divided in the Saxons time into Seven Kingdoms," depicts each of the seven kingdoms, including (beginning with the northern part of England and moving clockwise): "The Kingdom of Northumberland," "The Kingdom of Mercia," "The East Angles Kingdom," "East Saxons Kingdom," "The Kingdom of Kent," "The South Saxons Kingdom," and "Kingdom of the West Saxons." The kingdom of Wales, the crest of each kingdom, and the "Pictes Wall" dividing England and Scotland are also depicted. This is a revised and reduced version of the map of the seven Saxon kingdoms of England found in the third (1576) and fourth (1583) early English editions. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11224/1. JPEG file (899 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Foxe lists the names and death dates of Protestant and proto-Protestant martyrs for the months of November and December. JPEG file (1.17 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The martyrdome of Cicely Ormes at Norwich. An. 1557 September 1557." Cicely [Cicelie] Ormes(“Welcome y [the] Cross of Christ”) stands chained and burning at the stake; large clouds of smoke hover above her head. Fully clothed and with both arms raised above her head, she looks out to the large crowd of soldiers that surrounds her. At the far left a soldier on horseback appears to be administering the martyrdom, while two soldiers at the bottom right of the image are tending the faggots and the fire. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/20, which appears twice in the second (1570) and once in the third (1576) and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (488 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Edmund Tyrell burns Rose Allin’s hand as she carries a pitcher of water for her mother. Tyrell is very finely dressed and is observed by three soldiers who stand by. Allin’s mother, who is lying in bed ill, is pictured at the far right of the image. A man kneels outside the mother’s door and has his hands clasped in prayer. At the top of the image there appears to be an image of three people burning at the stake, and according to the text, this is a representation of the burning of Rose Allin and her parents. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/52 and 11223/99, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). In the earlier woodcut editions, however, only two soldiers observe. JPEG file (489 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Four men and three women--John Fishcocke, Nicolas Whyte, Nicolas Pardue, Barbara Fynal widow, Wilson’s wife, and Alice Benden--are chained to three stakes and are engulfed by large flames. All seven martyrs are fully clothed. The three men are all chained to the stake at the far left of the image. The four women are chained to two separate stakes and one of them has her arms extended above her head. A crowd of soldiers, gathers below the burning martyrs, some of whom are on horseback, two soldiers tend the fire and faggots. The martyrdom takes place at Canterbury. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/96, which appears twice in the second (1570) early English edition. JPEG file (1.21 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A balding, bearded man burns at the stake. He faces toward the left of the image and clasps his hands in prayer. This woodcut appears nine times in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the burning of Thomas Rhedonensis (at Rome) (sig. KK5r, p. 645); Richard Wiche priest (sig. NN2v, p. 676); John Stilman (sig. BBb3r, p. 789); Thomas Hytten (sig. RRr4r, p. 971); James Baynham (sig. UUu1v [top], p. 1002); Thomas Benet (at Exeter) (sig. UUu6v, p. 1012); Walter Mille (sig. RRR6r, p. 1239); Robert Farrar bishop (at Carmarthen) (sig. SSSs6v, p. 1472); and Diricke Carver (at Lewes) (sig. GGGG1v, p. 1594). This woodcut first appears in John Day's edition of R. González de Montes, De heylighe Spaensche inquisitie (1569). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/19, 12000/1. JPEG file (3.75 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A clothed woman and three clothed men burn at two stakes. The woman folds her hands before her in prayer. One of the men, at the right, faces forward and displays his palm. A second man stands in profile on the left and raises both arms above his head, while a third man, at the rear, raises his left arm. This woodcut appears twice in the third edition (1576) to illustrate the burning of Rafe Allerton, James Austoo, Margery Austoo, and Richard Roth (at Islington) (sig. LLLLl4v, p. 1912) and John Corneford, Christopher Browne, John Herst, Alyce Snoth, and Katherine Knight (otherwise called Katherine Tynley) (at Canterbury) (sig. OOOOo3v [right], p. 1946). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/100. JPEG file (3.78 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Oldcastle hangs chained from a gallows and suspended over a burning pyre. Workers tend the fire, and a supervisor leads his horse nearby. A large crowd of civilians, clerics, and monks observes; some of these figures express alarm, and others express mockery. This woodcut appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). Luborsky and Ingram 11222/10, 11223/13. JPEG file (1.06 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Two guards roast a naked man, whom they have bound to a spit. One of the guards ladles vinegar and salt over the martyr. The bucket containing the vinegar-salt mixture rests at the guard's right knee. [Cartouche: "The rosting of Christians at a low fire, with vineger and salt poured upo[n] their members.78." / "The roasting of Christians at a low fire, with vinegar and salt poured upon their members. 78."]. This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (622 KB). and "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and Two men hang by the waist from a gallows. The man on the left is clothed in loincloth and hangs facing upward, while the man on the right hangs facing downward. (Cartouche: "Some ha[n]ged by the middles. &c.79." ["Some hanged by the middles, etc. 79."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (211 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Turbaned Turks discover the martyred corpse of a converted Jew and (in an upper insert) bury it. The corpse has been lacerated and is dressed in loincloth. The scene transpires in Constantinople. This woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/41. JPEG file (3.64 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: An executioner stands at the body and severed head of George Scherrer and gestures to a crowd of onlookers. The arms and legs of Scherrer's corpse are crossed, and his trunk bleeds at the neck. A cluster of buildings is visible in the distance. According to Foxe, Scherrer had predicted that a miraculous sign would accompany his execution as a testimony to the truth of his Protestant belief. Foxe interprets the crossing of Scherrer's limbs after his beheading as the fulfillment of this prophecy. The woodcut appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/40. JPEG file (3.88 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Foxe's publisher, John Day, appears in profile in this portrait device, along with a colophon. The cartouche surrounding him reads, "Liefe is deathe and death is liefe: Aetatis suae: XXXX." ["Life is death and death is life: in the 40th year of his life"]. Although Day includes this woodcut in large-format editions of other works, it appears only in the first (1563) and second (1570) editions of the Book of Martyrs. The colophon of the first edition reads, "Imprinted at London by John Day dwelling over Aldersgate beneath Saint Martin's, Anno. 1563. the 20 of March. Cum gratia & privilegio Regiae majestatis. [i.e., With the favor and prerogative of the Queen's majesty.] These books are to be sold at his shop under the gate." No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (1.42 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "MD" (see "Soldiers drag two Christians by ropes" in this collection). and A man dressed in loincloth lies chained to a wooden platform. Workers with shirt sleeves rolled up lacerate the man by scraping shells across his body. One worker lifts the man's head by the beard. (Cartouche: "Christians scraped with sharpe shelles.79." ["Christians scraped with sharp shells. 79."]). This woodcut appears on the "Table of the Ten First Persecutions of the Primitive Church" foldout illustration in the second (1570) and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/1A (detail). JPEG file (315 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Flanked by John Day, Foxe, and, possibly, Sir William Cecil, Queen Elizabeth I sits enthroned over the pope, who holds broken keys of his office. An initial "C" frames her in the style of a cornucopia. The dais on which the queen sits contains the xylographic identification, "Elisabetha Regina" ["Queen Elizabeth"]. Elizabeth carries a sword and orb, which symbolize her authority, while serpents entwine the pope as symbols of the alleged "error" of Roman Catholicism. This illustration opens Foxe's dedication to Queen Elizabeth. The text of the dedication evolves over the first four editions of the Book of Martyrs to reflect Foxe's changing views concerning the status of Protestantism in England. The illustration appears in the first through fourth editions (1563, 1570, 1576, and 1583). No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (538 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: As attendants carry him through a town in a decorated, open-air litter, the pope gestures to kneeling figures at the lower right and left of the image. Crowned kings precede him, carrying orbs that symbolize their authority, and a train of cardinals, bishops, and friars follows. The pope carries the keys of his office in his left hand. This woodcut is the twelfth and final illustration in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" series and appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/34. JPEG file (4.35 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: RERVM IN ECCLESIA GEstarum, quæ postremis & periculosis his temporibus euenerunt, maximarumq[ue]; per Europam persecutionum, ac Sanctorum Dei Martyrum, cæterarumq[ue]; rerum si quæ insignioris exempli sint, digesti per Regna & nationes Commentarii. PARS PRIMA In qua primum de rebus per Angliam & Scotiam gestis, atq[ue] in primis de horrenda, sub MARIA nuper Regina, persecutione, narratio continetur. Autore IOANNE FOXO Anglo. BASILEAE, PER NICOLAUM BRYLINGERUM, ET IOANnem Oporinum. [Commentary of matters happening in the church which follow in these latter and dangerous times and of great persecution through Europe and of the Holy Martyrs of God, and of certain matters, whatever might be of significant example, digested for the sake of the Queen and the Nation. Part one, in which first is contained a narration of matters happening throughout England and Scotland, and in particular of the horrible persecution under Mary, once Queen. By the author John Foxe Englishman. At Basle, through (i.e., imprinted by) Nicholaus Brylinger and Johannes Oporinus]. No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (1.2 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: King Henry III of England kneels to kiss the knee of a cardinal, who arrives as papal legate. A train of bishops and friars follows the legate, and others kneel behind Henry to offer homage. Some observe from a rooftop above. This woodcut is the ninth in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" series and appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/31. JPEG file (4.44 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Oldcastle stands under an arch, dressed in Roman armor. He carries a sword in his right hand and extends a shield, which bears a crucifix, in his left. This woodcut appears only in the 1559 Latin edition. No Luborsky and Ingram #. JPEG file (2.23 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Two bearded men burn at the stake. Both men wear loincloth, gaze upward, and pray. This woodcut appears five times in the fourth edition (1583) to illustrate the burning of Henry Voes and John Esch, friars Augustine (sig. GGg3v, p. 874); John Bland and John Frankesh, ministers, with Nicholas Sheterden and Umfrey Middleton (at Canterbury) (sig. KKKK6r, p. 1676); William Wolsey and Robert Pygot (sig. OOOO2r, p. 1716); Julins Palmer, I. Gwin, and Thomas Askine (sig. KKKKk6r, p. 1940); and Richard Sharpe and Thomas Hale (at Bristow) (UUUUu2r (right), p. 2052). Luborsky and Ingram 11223/37. JPEG file (4.22 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Emperor Constantine I stands at his throne and embraces a bishop. The emperor holds the rod of his office in his left hand, and other bishops observe with approval. The damage to the OSU copy of this illustration (pictured here) results from a reader having defaced the woodcut that appears on the verso side of the next leaf. This woodcut is the second in the "Proud Primacy of Popes" series and appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) editions. Luborsky and Ingram 11223/25. JPEG file (3.93 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: The burning of the books and bones of both Martin Bucer and Paul Fagius in the town square of Cambridge. At the top of the image, officials are casting both the bones and the books into a large burning pyre. A large procession of civilians begins at the left of the image and circles the burning pyre. This large group of civilians carries with them tapers and banners while others kneel before the burning pyre. Friars and clerics lead this procession and give several orders to those who follow: "Salue festa dies [Hail thee, festival day]," "On afore, On afore," and "Hold up your torches for [from] dropping". Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/47 and 11223/94, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (449 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Six martyrs--W. Waterer, Steph. Kemp, W. Haye, T. Hudson, W. Lowick, and W. Prowting-- are burned at the stake. All six men are full clothed and are grouped in pairs at each stake. The men are surrounded by a group of soldiers, several of whom are on horseback. Several other soldiers tend the fire. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/75 but different from the version used for "The burning of Christopher Lyster, John Mace, John Spencer, Symon Joyne, Richard Nichols, and John Hamond," and "M. Coker, W. Hopper, Hen. Laurence, Rich Colliar, Rich. Wright, and Wil. Stere." The earlier woodcut version of this engraving appears only in the second early English edition (1570) and is used five times to illustrate the martyrdom of five separate groups of martyrs. JPEG file (502 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: The martyrdom of three women and an infant at the Isle of Garnsey. The caption of the image indicates that this martyrdom took place on July 18th, 1556. All three women are naked and chained to the stake while an infant emerges from the womb of the woman in the middle. All three women have their arms outstretched and are engulfed by the flames beneath them. They are surrounded by a group of soldiers, several of whom tend to the fire. According the text that surrounds the image, the infant initially was thrown out of the fire only to be cast back in once it hit the ground. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/46 and 11223/93, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (503 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Three women-- Katherine Hut, Elizabeth Thackvel, and Joan Horns, are burned at the stake. All three women are fully clothed and have their hands clasped in prayer. The execution takes place at Smithfield and the women are surrounded by a group of soldiers, several of whom are on horseback. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/91, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (535 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thirteen martyrs burn at Stratford the Bowe, near London. As the caption indicates, only eleven of the martyrs are actually chained to the stake while two of the women enter the fire untied. The martyrs are tied to three separate stakes and are either clasping their hands in prayer or are extending their arms outward toward the crowd below them. A large crowd of both civilians and soldiers surrounds the martyrdom. The crowd appears to be rowdy and sympathetic to the martyrs as a soldier on horseback attempts to control the crowd and keep them at bay. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram11222/45 and 11223/92, which appearin all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (521 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Apprice, who is blind, and the lame Hugh Laverocke are martyred at Stratford the Bowe, near London. Both Apprice and Laverocke are chained to the stake and are surrounded by faggots and flames. Laverocke holds two crutches in his hands while Apprice has his eyes closed and his hands outstretched toward the crowd surrounding them. Both men are fully clothed and are surrounded by a fairly large group of ambivalent soldiers. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/90 and appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (541 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Six men--Christopher Lyster, John Mace, John Spencer, Symon Joyne, Richard Nichols, and John Hammond--are chained together at two stakes. All are fully clothed and either have their arms outstretched above them or toward the crowd surrounding them. They are surrounded by a group of soldiers who are administering the execution. Several of the soldiers are on horseback while several more appear at the foreground of the image and are tending the fire. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/75, which appears five times in the second early English edition (1570) to illustrate the execution of five separate groups of martyrs. JPEG file (466 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Two women, Agnes Potten and Joan Trunchfield, are tied to the stake back-to-back. Both are fully clothed and have their arms outstretched in prayer; they appear to be pleading for their lives. The women are engulfed by flames below them and are surrounded by six soldiers who appear to be administering the execution. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/89, which appears twice in the second early English edition (1570) to represent both the burning of Agnes Potten with Joan Trunchfield and also Margaret Thurston with Agnes Bongeor. JPEG file (492 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The burning of Dr. Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, in y [the] Towne ditch at Oxford, with his hand first thrust into y [the] fire, wherewith he subscribed before.” Cranmer is fully clothed and chained to the stake. The execution takes placed outside of Oxford. Cranmer, ("Lord receive my Spirit") has both arms outstretched and has his right hand placed in the fire that engulfs him. Cranmer is surrounded by a large group of onlookers that mostly consists of soldiers. Several of the soldiers tend to the fire and adjust the faggots below Cranmer. In the foreground of the image is a man who appears to be a civilian and has his arms outstretched toward Cranmer. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/44 and 11223/88, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (519 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Philpot and Thomas Whytell sit in the Colehouse Prison in St. Paul's Cathedral. Philpot is seated at the right side of the image and is holding a book, presumably the Bible, in his left hand. Thomas Whytell sits in the stocks and is chained to the wall by the neck. A third figure stands between Philpot and Whytell. A richly dressed priest holds a ring of keys in his right hand and a staff in his left and stands at the left side of the image. In the foreground, the priest's dog chews a bone. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/40 and 11223/83, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (451 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Anne Albright, Joane Catmer, John Lomas, Agnes Snoth, and Joane Sole are chained together to two stakes at Canterbury. They are surrounded by faggots and engulfed by very large flames. A small man in the foreground of the image is tending the pyre while a large crowd gathers around the burning martyrs. Several men on horses appear to the right of the image while the man standing to the left of the image appears to be administering the martyrdom. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/86, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (547 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The martyrdome [martyrdom] of Master Iohn [John] Philpot Archdeacon, with the manner of his kneeling and praying at the Stake.” Philpot, marked "Philpot" in the image, appears at the right of the image and is kneeling before the stake and bundles of faggots. With his arms outstretched, Philpot says, "I will pay my vows in thee o Smithfield." He is surrounded by a crowd of soldiers and civilians; several of the civilians appear to be clasping their hands in prayer while the soldiers look on. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/41 and 11223/84, which appears in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (494 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The order and manner of burying in the fields such as died in prison, and namely Will Wiseman.” As indicated by the caption, Wiseman, dressed in only a loin cloth, is laid in the ground by a man who appears to be a member of the crowd of mourners. A small crowd of both male and female mourners surrounds the corpse and several of them are clasping their hands and raising their arms, as if in song or in prayer. Two of the mourners carry longbows. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/39 and 11223/82, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (514 KB) -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Hugh Latimer ("Mr. Latimer") preaches from an open-air pulpit in Westminster. King Edward VI ( "K. Edward") and three other men listen from an indoor window at the right of the image while a large congregation gathers below the pulpit. A few men are scattered on the balcony in the background of the image and a woman sits on the steps of the pulpit with an open book, presumably the Bible. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/37 and 11223/80, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (498 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Bishop Nicholas Ridley (“Ridley”) of London and Bishop Hugh Latimer (“Latimer”) of Worcester are tied, back-to-back, to a stake outside of Oxford. Ridley ("In manus tuas domine [In your hand, Oh Lord]"), stands facing to the left of the image with his arms outstretched to the crowd. Latimer ("Father of Heaven, receive my soul") stands facing the right of the image with his arms outstretched as well. The two men are surrounded by a very large crowd, and a richly dressed priest, ("D. Smith,") stands at a pulpit at the top of the image and quotes the biblical passage from I Corinthians 13:3: "Si corpus meum tradam igni caritatem autem non habeaum nihil vtilitatis &c. [If I should surrender my body to the fire and have not charity, however, nothing of usefulness, etc]". A very large crowd surrounds the burning of Ridley and Latimer, including a group of richly dressed men to the left of the image. One of these men, ("L. Wilhas,") motions toward Ridley and says, "Master Ridley, I will remember your suit." Thomas Cranmer [“Cranmer"] watches the execution from above, saying, "O Lord, strengthen them." Soldiers arrange the faggots and prepare for the burning. Unlike earlier editions, this engraving is no longer tipped-in. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/38 and 11223/81, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (459 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Two men, William Wolsey and Robert Pygot, stand fully clothed and chained, back-to-back, to the stake. They are both turned to gaze at each other and both have their arms extended. Soldiers surround them and two soldiers stand at the foreground of the image. In earlier editions, this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/37, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. Here, this martyrdom appears as a completely new design. JPEG file (534 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Master Robert Glover and Cornelius Bongey are chained to one stake at Coventry. Both men appear to be dressed in uniform and each has an arm draped around the other and the opposite arm raised toward the sky. They appear to be looking at each other while a crowd of soldiers surrounds them and three of the soldiers stoke the fire. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/79, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (513 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Five martyrs -- George Catmer, Robert Streater, Anthony Burward, George Brodbridge, and James Tutty – are chained about the waist to two stakes at Canterbury. All are fully clothed and four of the five men have their hands clasped in prayer. The fifth man appears to be conversing with the soldier directly at his right who is pointing in the martyr's direction. A large group of soldiers gathers around the martyrs to watch the burning. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/78, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (507 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Robert Samuel, both arms extended upward with the palms facing up, is chained to the stake. Black clouds of smoke hover above him while a large crowd of soldiers on foot and on horseback surround him. In earlier editions, this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/14, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. This is the same new design used to illustrate "The burning and martyrdom of Kerby." JPEG file (501 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “A Picture describing the manner and place of them which were in bonds for the Testimony of the truth, conferring among themselves.” Robert Smith [“R. Smith”] sits at a table in a prison cell and converses with six other prisoners; he has an open book (presumably a Bible) in front of him. Two other seated men also hold books: “Tankerfield” holds an open book with both hands and “Iohn [John] Newman” holds a closed book in his right hand. Another man wearing a large robe and a cap, “Simson," gestures toward Smith. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/35 and 11223/76, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (487 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: William Hale [Haile] stands fully clothed and chained to the stake. He cries, "Beware of this Idolater," and points at Bishop Edmund Bonner [“Bonner”] in the crowd. Bonner stands with his hand over his chest and has an alarmed expression on his face. Another soldier is turned away from Hale and looks directly at Bonner. Several other soldiers gather behind Hale and Bonner while many faceless soldiers appear in the background. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/16, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. This, however, is a completely new design. JPEG file (502 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Denley, fully clothed and chained to the stake, leans forward with arms extended toward a solider who is about to throw a bundle of faggots into the fire. Four other soldiers stand nearby and appear to be in conversation with each other rather than watching Denley's burning. Four ecclesiastical commissioners stand in the foreground of the image and appear to be administering this martyrdom and also instructing the soldier to throw the bundle of faggots. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/74, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (521 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Six martyrs--M. Coker, W. Hopper, Hen. Laurence, Rich. Colliar, Rich. Wright, and Wil. Stere—are chained at the waist to three stakes. Some have their arms extended and some have their hands clasped as in prayer. Large flames engulf the men while a black cloud hovers above them. The martyrs are surrounded by a crowd of soldiers observing the burning. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/75, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (516 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Dirick Carver stands fully clothed and tied to a stake by a chain around his waist. His arms are extended and he has an expression of despair on his face. He is surrounded by a crowd of soldiers; two soldiers in the foreground of the image tend the fire that engulfs Dirick and creates a large dark cloud of smoke above his head. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/19, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. This, however, is a completely new design, although it has similar features to "The martyrdom of Kerby." JPEG file (457 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thomas Iveson, a thin and balding man, stands fully clothed and chained to the stake. His arms are raised above his head. He is surrounded by a scattered group of soldiers, some of whom are on foot and others on horseback. This engraving illustrates a new martyrdom that is not illustrated in any of the early English editions. JPEG file (56.9 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Four martyrs-- John Bland, John Frankesh, Nicholas Sheterden, and Humfrey Middleton--are chained to two stakes. All four are fully clothed. A group of soldiers surrounds the burning martyrs and several soldiers tend the fire in the foreground of the image. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/37, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. This version is illustrated by a completely new design. JPEG file (369 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Bradford, holding a book in his hand, is interrogated in prison by four bishops while the "Keper [Keeper]" looks on. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/32 and 11223/70, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (468 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Bradford (“Bradford”), holding a book in his hand, is watched closely by the jailer (“Iailor”) as he talks with three Spanish friars. The one closest to Bradford (“Alphonsus”) is speaking as the men behind him (“Confessor” and one un-named man) listen. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/33 and 11223/71 which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (469 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Thomas Wats, fully clothed and with his hands clasped in prayer, stands chained at the waist to a stake. He is engulfed by flames and a black cloud hovers above him. A woman and several children, tears streaming down their faces, plead for his life. Wats is surrounded by a large crowd of soldiers; a civilian man is arguing with a soldier. In earlier editions, this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/14, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. This illustration is a completely new design with some elements similar to Luborsky and Ingram 11223/64. JPEG file (439 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Bradford ["Repent England]" and an apprentice, John Lease ("Jesus receive us)," stand chained to a stake in the midst of a large fire while a black cloud of smoke hovers above them. A crowd of soldiers, a few of whom tend the fire, surround them. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/34 and 11223/72, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (431 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Warne, upholsterer, stands chained at the waist to a stake which has been surrounded with bundles of faggots. Arms extended, he addresses the crowd: "Bewar[e] of Idolatry." John Cardmaker [Mr. Cardmaker], on the other hand, appears to be conversing with a richly dressed men on a horse. The caption of the image indicates that this martyrdom took place on May 30th, 1555. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/30 and 11223/68, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (433 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The description of a Popish Priest, who when he had taken away the Glory and office of Christ, fell down suddenly, and died." Nightingall, the priest, falls from the pulpit into the congregation below him while delivering a sermon. As he falls, he says: "I am cleansed from my Sins." Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/65, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (438 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: George Marsh, barefoot, stands chained to a stake beneath a barrel of hot tar while a man lights the bundles of faggots piled around him. He holds an open book, presumably a Bible, while declaring "Not upon y [the] Condition." Marsh is surrounded by a large group of soldiers; a man on horseback holds out a paper. According to the text that surrounds the image, the horseman is the Deputy Chamberlain of Chester, who carries with him a “Writing under a Great Seal” that is being offered to Marsh as a pardon if he would recant. Marsh, however, rejects the pardon. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/66, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (434 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: William Flower, fully clothed and with hands upraised, stands at a stake where he is chained at the waist. His left hand has been cut off and blood gushes from its stump. Flower declares, "Lord receive my Spirit," while soldiers pile bundles of faggots around him. The caption of the image indicates that this martyrdom took place on April 24th, 1555. Heavily revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/29 and 11223/67, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (450 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Laurence is seated and chained to a chair while flames surround him and a dark cloud of smoke hovers above him. Small children with tears streaming down their faces, run about the fire in the foreground of the image. Laurence has his arms extended upward and is surrounded by a crowd of soldiers and civilians. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/64, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (428 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: William Hunter, naked and with hands clasped and raised as in prayer, stands chained to the stake. A “false prophet,” dressed in a hooded robe, is holding an open book in front of Hunter; Hunter speaks to him: "Away thou False Prophet." Other soldiers tend the fire that is engulfing Hunter while a crowd of civilians and soldiers observes from behind. In earlier editions this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/39, which appears three times in the second (1570) early English edition. This is a completely new design not seen in earlier editions. JPEG file (441 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Doctor Robert Farrar, the Bishop of St. David's, burns at the stake while a hostile crowd of soldiers surrounds him. One of the soldiers wields a wooden stick at Farrar. Farrar is fully clothed and chained to a stake while clouds of smoke and flames engulf him. In the first edition (1563) this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11222/27. In the second through fourth editions (1570, 1576, 1583) it is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/19 and 12000/01. However, this engraving is a new design, based very loosely on Luborsky and Ingram 11223/38 but differs from the martyrdoms illustrated by "The burning of Richard Ffeurus," "The burning of James Bainham," "The burning of Thomas Bilney," and "The burning of Adam Wallace." JPEG file (452 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Edmund Bonner [Boner], Bishop of London, burns Thomas Tomkins’ hand while others look on. This scene takes place directly before the burning of Thomas Tomkins. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/28 and 11223/63, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (446 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: John Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, burning at the stake. The caption of the image indicates that this martyrdom took place on February 9, 1555. In this illustration, Hooper stands naked, wrapped only in a loincloth and tied to the stake by a band around his waist. With his right hand draped across his chest he cries, "Lord Iesus [Jesus] receive my Soule [Soul]." Hooper is surrounded by several civilians, both men and women, who are weeping and pleading for his life, and by soldiers who are administering the martyrdom and an official on a horse who is supervising. A dark cloud hovers above Hooper while the flames rage at his feet. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/25 and 11223/61, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (35.9 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The burning of the blessed Martyr Thomas Tomkins.” Tomkins, fully clothed and with arms outstretched, stands chained to the stake and surrounded by flames. A dark cloud of smoke hovers above him. Tomkins is facing the left side of the image; in the foreground a several civilians have their arms extended toward Tomkins and appear to be pleading for his life. A crowd of soldiers stands behind Tomkins and silently observes his burning. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/18, which appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (52.2 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The cruell [cruel] handling of William Gardiner an English Merchant, in Portugall [Portugal].” Gardiner hangs from the gallows with his arms flailing. His hands have been cut off and the blood from his severed hands and arms pours out into the fire. A sword, presumably the one used to cut off Gardiner’s hands, lies at the foot of the executioner. Who lowers Gardiner by a chain into an open flame below him while a large crowd gathers around the gallows. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/22 and 11223/58, which appears in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (416 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The burning of Master John Rogers, Vicar of St. Purchers, and Reader of St. Paul’s in London.” Rogers, fully clothed and with hands raised to the sky, stands chained to the stake amidst an extremely large fire and dark clouds of smoke. A banderole protruding from his mouth contains the statement: "Lord receive my Spirit." Rogers is surrounded by a crowd of soldiers and civilians both on foot and on horseback. Five people in the foreground of the image kneel before Rogers with their arms outstretched in sympathy. The officer on horseback on the right side of the illustration appears to be supervising Rogers’ burning. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/23 and 11223/59, which appear in all four of the early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (379 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "THE THIRD VOLUME OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY CONTAINING THE Acts and Monuments OF MARTYRS: WITH A General Discourse of these later Persecutions, horrible Troubles, and Tumults, stirred up by ROMISH PRELATES IN THE CHURCH. WITH Divers other Things incident, especially to this Realm of England and Scotland, as partly also to all other Forein [Foreign] Nations appertaining; From the Time of Queen MARIES entring [entering] upon the Crown, to the Reign of our late Gracious Sovereign Queen ELIZABETH, of Blessed Memory. Recognized and Enlarged by the Author, MR. JOHN FOX. Whereunto are annexed certain Additions, unto the time of our late Sovereign Lord King CHARLES of Blessed Memory. LONDON, Printed for the Company of STATIONERS, MDCLXXXIV." Printed, original illustrated page border has vanished. JPEG file (306 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: This engraving depicts the coat of arms of Pope Clement VII, who reigned from 1523 to 1534; he denied King Henry VIII a legal divorce from his wife, Catharine of Aragon. The papal tiara rests behind two crossed papal keys of office. Sitting in front of the keys is a shield displaying an oak tree bearing acorns; tassels are on both sides of the shield. This engraving is a revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11225/1 and first appears in the fourth early English edition (1583) as the coat of arms of Pope Julius II, who reigned from 1503-1513. JPEG file (1.65 MB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Walter Mille, fully clothed with his hands clasped in prayer and extended upward, stands chained to the stake and surrounded by an abundance of faggots. He is surrounded by soldiers who are supervising his martyrdom. Two men kneel in the foreground of the image at the feet of Mille, arms extended upward toward him; they appear to be pleading for his life. In earlier editions, this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/19, which appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/16, the same design used to illustrate "The burning of John Goose" and "The burning of Wolfgangus." JPEG file (447 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The burning of the blessed Martyr Adam Wallace.” Wallace, fully clothed, stands tied to the stake with a rope around his neck and a chain around his waist. He has both arms extended upward while he looks down at the crowd that surrounds him. A large crowd of soldiers and civilians witness the burning of this martyr. In earlier editions, this martyrdom is illustrated by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/18, which appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. In this edition, however, the martyrdom is a revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/38. JPEG file (485 KB ). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: A large, dark cloud of smoke hovers over Kerby, who is chained to the stake and surrounded by a large fire. Kerby has both arms extended upward with the palms of his hands facing up. A large crowd of soldiers on foot and on horseback surround him. In earlier editions, the martyrdom of Kerby was represented by Luborsky and Ingram 11223/18, which appears in the second (1570), third (1576) and fourth (1583) early English editions. This is a completely new design to depict Kerby's martyrdom. JPEG file (443 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Robert Barnes, Thomas Garret, and William Jerome in Smithfield, a district of London which was the scene of over 200 martyrdoms during the reign of Mary I, are chained together to the stake; high flames and large dark clouds of smoke surround them. A few soldiers surround the men and two of them stoke the fire. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/20 and 11223/52, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). However, in the earlier editions, a large and alarmed crowd is present whereas in the 1684 edition, only a few soldiers stand by. JPEG file (443 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The Death & Martyrdom of Damlip.” Adam Damlip, clothed only in a loincloth, lies on ground after being cut down from hanging by the neck on the gallows above; the rope is still around his neck. His bowels are ripped out by the hands of the executioner, whose axe lies on the ground by Damlip beside a small fire. A man on horseback appears to be the supervisor for the execution; a large crowd observes from behind. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/53, which appears in each of the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (398 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: “The order and manner of the burning of the constant Martyr of Christ, John Lambert.” John Lambert, naked and chained to a stake, stands with both arms outstretched upward and says "None but Christ, none but Christ." Men from either side of Lambert poke the fire while a richly dressed man sits and watches on horseback and a crowd of clergy and soldiers stand nearby. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/19 and 11223/50, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (460 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: "The Martyrdome of Master William Tindale [Tyndale] in Flanders, by Vilvord Castle." Tyndale, covered only with a loincloth and chained to a stake, stands on a platform while the executioner strangles him with a rope; faggots are propped on the platform in preparation for burning Tyndale’s body. Tyndale speaks: "Lord ope [open] the King of Englands eyes." A crowd of clergy, civilians, and soldiers gathers around the platform to witness the martyrdom of Tyndale, who illegally translated the Bible into English. Revised version of Luborsky and Ingram 11222/18 and 11223/49, which appear in all four early English editions (1563, 1570, 1576, 1583). JPEG file (440 KB). -
Contributing Institution: Southern Methodist University Bridwell Library and Ohio State University Libraries Description: Collins, fully dressed and chained to a stake, is burned in Smithfield for holding his dog aloft in mockery of the consecrated host. The dog is held by its tail as the executioner prepares to throw it into the fire. It appears as though Collins is speaking to the man holding his dog. A crowd gathers to witness the martyrdom. Revised design of Luborsky and Ingram 11223/51, which appears in the second (1570), third (1576), and fourth (1583) early English editions. JPEG file (452 KB).
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